With reference to the history of ancient India, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Mitakshara was the civil law for upper castes and Dayabhaga was the civil law for lower castes. 2. In the Mitakshara system, the sons can claim right to the property during the lifetime of the father, whereas in the Dayabhaga system, it is only after the death of the father that the sons can claim right to the property. 3. The Mitakshara system deals with the matters related to the property held by male members only of a family, whereas the Dayabhaga system deals with the matters related to the property held by both male and female members of a family. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

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YESPYQ · Accepted Answer

Correct answer: 2 only. Statement 1 is incorrect : The distinction between Mitakshara and Dayabhaga is not based on caste i.e. upper or lower castes but on regional variations of Hindu law. Mitakshara was prevalent in most parts of India, whereas Dayabhaga was primarily followed in Bengal and parts of Assam. Statement 2 is correct : Both were Hindu law books and governed property rights and inheritance. The Mitakshara was written by Vijnanesvara, a scholar in the Kalyani Chalukya court in the late 11th century. The Dayabhaga was authored by Jimutavahana, a 12th-century scholar from Bengal. In the Mitakshara system, sons acquire a right to ancestral property by birth, meaning they have a share in the joint family property during the father’s lifetime. In the Dayabhaga system, sons do not have a right to the property until the father’s death. Statement 3 is incorrect : The Mitakshara system historically favored male descendants, with females becoming coparceners only after the Hindu Succession Act, 2005. In contrast, the Dayabhaga system provides relatively better property rights to wo

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