With reference to the scientific progress of Ancient India,which of the statements given below are correct? 1. Different kinds of specialized surgical instruments were in common use by the 1st century AD. 2. Transplant of internal organs in the human body began in the 3rd century AD 3. The concept of sine of an angle was known in the 5th century AD. 4. The concept of cyclic quadrilateral was known in the 7th century AD. Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

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YESPYQ · Accepted Answer

Correct answer: 1, 3 and 4 only. Ancient India made significant contributions to science, particularly in mathematics, astronomy, and medicine. Achievements include the concept of zero and the decimal system, advancements in surgery and the accurate calculations of the Earth’s circumference. Statement 1 is correct: Ancient Indian texts like the Sushruta Samhita (6th century BC) describe specialized surgical instruments for procedures such as surgery, eye treatments, and plastic surgery, indicating well-developed surgical knowledge by the 1st century AD. Statement 2 is incorrect: There has been no documented proof of organ transplants in the 3rd century AD. The concept of organ transplantation is much more modern, developing in the 20th century. Statement 3 is correct: Aryabhata, in the 5th century AD, improvised the concept of sine ( jya in Sanskrit) in his book and used it in astronomical calculations. Aryabhata’s work in trigonometry laid the foundation for later developments in mathematics. Statement 4 is correct: The concept of cyclic quadrilaterals, where a quadrilateral can be

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