Consider the following:1. Battery storage2. Biomass generators3. Fuel cells4. Rooftop solar photovoltaic unitsHow many of the above are considered “Distributed Energy Re- sources”?
✓ Correct answer: d) All four UPSC GS Paper-I PYQs 528
ExplanationDistributed energy resources, or DERs, are small-scale energy systems that power a nearby location.DERs can be con- nected to electric grids or isolated, with energy flowing only to specific sites or functions.DERs include both energy generation technologies and energy storage systems.When energy generation occurs through distributed energy re- sources, it is referred to as distributed generation.Examples of distributed energy resources that can be installed include:Roof top solar photovoltaic unitsWind generating unitsBattery storageBatteries in electric vehicles used to export power back to the gridCombined heat and power units, or tri-generation units that also utilise waste heat to provide coolingBiomass generators, which are fuelled with waste gas or industrial and agricultural by-products.Open and closed cycle gas turbinesReciprocating engines (diesel, oil)Hydro and mini-hydro schemesFuel cells.237
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