Consider the following statements:1. Kyoto protocol came into force in the year 2005.2. Kyoto protocol deals primarily with the depletion of the ozone layer.3. Methane as a greenhouse gas is more harmful than carbon dioxide.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
✓ Correct answer: b) 1 and 3
ExplanationThe Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty that com- mits industrialized nations to reducing greenhouse gas emissions in order to mitigate climate change and was adopted at COP 3 (the third Conference of the Parties) in 1997 in Kyoto, Japan.UPSC GS Paper-I PYQs 494Statement 1 is correct: The Kyoto Protocol officially came into force on February 16, 2005. Statement 2 is incorrect: The Kyoto Protocol primarily focus- es on reducing greenhouse gas emissions to combat climate change, not on the depletion of the ozone layer.The ozone layer issue is addressed by the Montreal Protocol, which focuses on phasing out substances that deplete the ozone layer.Statement 3 is correct: Methane (CH₄) is a more potent green- house gas than carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the short term.Although CO₂ persists longer in the atmosphere, methane has a much high- er global warming potential over a 20-year period—about 84 times more potent than CO₂.5. CLIMATE CHANGE 97
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