The vegetation of savannah consists of grassland with scattered small trees, but extensive areas have no trees. The forest development in such areas is generally kept in check by one or more or a combination of some conditions. Which of the following are such conditions? 1. Burrowing animals and termites 2. Fire 3. Grazing herbivores 4. Seasonal rainfall 5. Soil properties Select the correct answer using the code given below.

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Correct answer: 2, 3 and 4. Savanna Biome is a particular kind of grassland biome made up of vast expanses of open grassland with few trees. Tropical and Semi-tropical savannas are two kinds of sa- vannas. All continents excluding Antarctica have grasslands. The largest savannas are found close to the equator in Africa. Option (c) is correct:  Frequent wildfires both natural (lightning-induced) and human-induced prevent the establishment of dense forests. Fires destroy young tree saplings before they can mature into large trees, thus maintaining grasslands. Savanna fires are a key ecological process that helps maintain the balance between grasslands and scattered trees.  Large herbivores like elephants, zebras, and antelopes feed on young tree shoots, preventing forests from expanding. Grazing by animals ensures that tree cover remains sparse which allows grasses to dominate. Studies on African and Indian savannas have shown that herbivory is a critical limiting factor for tree growth.  The limited and unpredictable rainfall pattern allows grasses to outcompete trees for available

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