🔬 Science & TechnologyUPSC 2002Space & Space Technology

Among living organisms, which one of the following is the most responsible factor for bringing about the origin of a new species?

aIsolation
bMutation
cNatural selection
dSexual reproduction
✓ Correct answer: b) Mutation
ExplanationSpeciation is the process by which new and distinct species evolve from a common ancestor.Hugo deVries believed that mutation caused speciation and hence called it saltation (single step large mutation).Mutations are permanent changes in the DNA sequence, which can lead to new traits in a population.Some mutations provide adaptive advantages, increasing survival and reproduction.Over time, accumulation of mutations can result in significant genetic divergence, leading to speciation.Science and Technology 631 466

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