“Membrane Bioreactors” are often discussed in the context of:
✓ Correct answer: d) Wastewater treatment technologies
ExplanationThe membrane bioreactor (MBR) has emerged as an efficient compact technology for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment.These systems have the advantage of combining a suspended growth biological reactor with solids removal via filtration.Membranes in MBR systems are designed to function efficiently in compact spaces while effectively removing contaminants like nitrogen, phosphorus, bacteria, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and total suspended solids (TSS).The filtration process supports higher biomass concentrations, enabling the use of smaller bioreactors.The effluent from MBRs contains low concentrations of bacteria, total suspended solids (TSS), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).This facilitates high-level disinfection.Effluents are readily discharged to surface streams or can be sold for reuse, such as irrigation.2
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