Foot and Mouth disease in animals, a current epidemic in some parts of the world, is caused by

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Correct answer: Virus. Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral illness affecting cloven-hoofed animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs. The causative agent is the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), classified within the family Picornaviridae, genus Aphthovirus. FMDV is a non- enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus. There are seven immunologically distinct serotypes of FMDV: A, O, C, SAT1, SAT2, SAT3, and Asia1, which do not confer cross-immunity. Transmission of FMDV occurs through direct contact with infected animals, exposure to contaminated feed, water, equipment, or clothing, and via aerosols over short distances. The virus is highly resilient, capable of surviving in various environmental conditions, which contributes to its rapid spread among susceptible animal populations. 458

Foot and Mouth disease in animals, a current epidemic in some parts of the world, is caused by

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