Physico-chemical characteristics of water in water sources undergo changes due to:
✓ Correct answer: c) Effluents
ExplanationThe physico-chemical characteristics of water in water sources are primarily affected by effluents discharged from various sources, including industries, sewage, and agricultural runoff.Effluents introduce pollutants like organic matter, chemicals, heavy metals, and nutrients into water bodies, leading to significant changes in water quality.How Effluents cause Changes:Chemical Changes: Effluents can alter the pH, increase the concentration of harmful chemicals, and introduce toxic substances.UPSC GS Paper-I PYQs 612Nutrient Loading: Excessive nutrients (like nitrates and phosphates) from effluents can cause eutrophication, leading to algal blooms.Dissolved Oxygen Levels: Organic pollutants increase the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), reducing dissolved oxygen levels and harming aquatic life.Turbidity and Color: Effluents can increase turbidity, reduce light penetration, and alter the color of the water.12. BIOLOGY 12.1 Botany 370
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