Consider the following techniques/phenomena:1. Budding and grafting in fruit plants2. Cytoplasmic male sterility3. Gene silencingWhich of the above is/are used to create transgenic crops?
✓ Correct answer: b) 2 and 3 only
ExplanationTransgenic crops are developed by introducing foreign genes into a plant’s genome to confer new traits, such as pest resistance or improved nutritional content.Statement 1 is incorrect: Budding and grafting are traditional horticultural techniques used to propagate plants.In grafting, tissues from one plant are inserted into those of another so that the two sets of vascular tissues may join together.These methods do not alter the genetic makeup of the plants.Statement 2 is correct: Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) refers to the complete or partial inability of plants to produce functional male gametes.Male Sterility prevents the plant from producing viable pollen, thereby rendering it incapable of self-fertilization.CMS systems are extensively used in hybrid crop production because they simplify the process of controlling male sterility, eliminating the need for manual emasculation during cross-breeding.This enhances efficiency and consistency in hybrid seed production.Statement 3 is correct: Gene silencing refers to techniques used to suppress the expression of specific gene
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