With reference to Indian satellites and their launchers, consider the following statements: 1. All the INSAT series of satellites were launched abroad. 2. PSLVs were used to launch IRS-series of satellites. 3. India used the indigenously built cryogenic engines for the first time for powering the third stage of GSLV. 4. GSAT, launched in the year 2001, has payloads to demonstrate digital broadcasts and internet services. Which of these statements are correct?

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YESPYQ · Accepted Answer

Correct answer: 1, 2, 3 and 4. INSAT or the Indian National Satellite System is a series of multipurpose Geo-stationary satellites launched by ISRO to satisfy the telecommunications, broadcasting, meteorology, and search and rescue needs of India. Statement 1 is correct: The INSAT-series of satellites were launched from foreign stations like Kourou in French Guiana or Kennedy Space Center in the USA. Statement 2 is correct: The PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) was used to launch many of the IRS (Indian Remote Sensing) satellites, which are used for Earth observation. Statement 3 is correct: India’s first cryogenic engine was used for the third stage of the GSLV (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) for the first time in the launch of GSLV-D3 in 2010. Statement 4 is correct: GSAT-1, India’s first geostationary communication satellite, was launched in 2001, and its payloads were designed to provide digital broadcast and communication services, including internet services. 133

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