What is/are the purpose/purposes of ‘District Mineral Foundations’ in India?1. Promoting mineral exploration activities in mineral-rich districts2. Protecting the interests of the persons affected by mining operations3. Authorizing State Governments to issue licenses for mineral explorationSelect the correct answer using the code given below.
✓ Correct answer: b) 2 only
ExplanationThrough the amendment in Mines & Minerals (Devel- opment & Regulation) (MMDR) Act, in 2015, Government of India has made provision for establishment of District Mineral Foundation in all the districts affected by mining.Statement 1 is incorrect: DMFs are not directly involved in promoting mineral exploration activities.Their focus is on the welfare of affected communities and areas, not on explora- tion or mining activities.UPSC GS Paper-I PYQs 258Statement 2 is correct: The main purpose of DMFs is to protect the interests of persons and areas affe-cted by mining operations.They use funds collected from miners to implement various developmental and welfare projects, such as healthcare, education, sanitation, and infrastructure, in min- ing-affected areas.Statement 3 is incorrect: DMFs do not have any role in au- thorizing State Governments to issue licenses for mineral exploration.Licensing and regulation of mining activities are handled by the respective State Governments and the Central Government under the provisions of the Mines and Minerals (De- velopment and Regulation)
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