UPSC CSE Prelims
UPSC Economy — Solved Previous Year Questions
265 authentic Economy PYQs with correct answers and detailed explanations. Click any question to see its full solution.
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UPSC 2024
- With reference to the sectors of the Indian economy, consider the following pairs: Economic activity Sector 1.…
- With reference to physical capital in Indian economy, consider the following pairs: Items Category 1. Farmer’s…
- With reference to the Digital India Land Records Modernisation Programme, consider the following statements: 1…
- With reference to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) rules in India, consider the following statements: 1. …
- With reference to the Indian economy, “Collateral Borrowing and Lending Obligations” are the instruments of:
- Consider the following statements in respect of the digital rupee: 1. It is a sovereign currency issued by the…
- With reference to the rule/rules imposed by the Reserve Bank of India while treating foreign banks, consider t…
- Consider the following statements: 1. In India , Non-Banking Financial Companies can access the Liquidity Adju…
- In India, which of the following can trade in Corporate Bonds and Government Securities 1. Insurance Companies…
- Consider the following: 1. Exchange-Traded Funds (ETF) 2. Motor vehicles 3. Currency swap Which of the above i…
UPSC 2023
- Consider the following statements: 1. The Government of India provides Minimum Support Price for niger (Guizot…
- Consider the investments in the following assets: 1. Brand recognition 2. Inventory 3. Intellectual property 4…
- Consider the following statements with reference to India: 1. According to the Micro, Small and Medium Enterpr…
- Which one of the following activities of the Reserve Bank of India is considered to be part of ‘sterilization’…
- With reference to Central Bank digital currencies, consider the following statements: 1. It is possible to mak…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The Self-Help Group (SHG) programme was originally initiated by the Stat…
- Consider the following markets: 1. Government Bond Market 2. Call Money Market 3. Treasury Bill Market 4. Stoc…
- In the context of finance, the term ‘beta’ refers to:
UPSC 2022
- With reference to foreign-owned e-commerce firms operating in India, which of the following statements is/are …
- With reference to the Indian economy, consider the following statements: 1. If the inflation is too high, the …
- Consider the following statements: 1. In India, credit rating agencies are regulated by the Reserve Bank of In…
- With reference to the Banks Board Bureau (BBB)’, which of the following statements are correct? 1. The Governo…
- In India, which one of the following is responsible for maintaining price stability by controlling inflation?
- With reference to the expenditure made by an organization or a company, which of the following statements is/a…
- With reference to Indian economy, consider the following statements: 1. A share of the household financial sav…
- “Rapid Financing Instrument” and “Rapid Credit Facility” are related to the provisions of lending by which one…
- With reference to the Indian economy, consider the following statements: 1. An increase in Nominal Effective E…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Tight monetary policy of the US Federal Reserve could lead to capital fl…
- With reference to the Indian economy, what are the advantages of “Inflation-Indexed Bonds (IIBs)”? 1. The gove…
- Which of the following activities constitute a real sector in the economy? 1. Farmers harvesting their crops 2…
UPSC 2021
- Consider the following statements: 1. The Governor of the Reserve bank of India (RBI) is appointed by the Cent…
- With reference to ‘Urban Cooperative Banks’ in India consider the following statements: 1. They are supervised…
- In India, the central bank’s function as the ‘lender of last resort’ usually refers to which of the following?…
- Consider the following statements: The effect of the devaluation of a currency is that it necessarily: 1. Impr…
- Consider the following: 1. Foreign currency convertible bonds 2. Foreign institutional investment with certain…
- Indian Government Bond Yields are influenced by which of the following? 1. Actions of the United States Federa…
- With reference to India, consider the following statements: 1. Retail investors through Demat account can inve…
- With reference to ‘Water Credit’, consider the following statements: 1. It puts microfinance tools to work in …
UPSC 2020
- With reference to the Indian economy after the 1991 economic liberalisation, consider the following statements…
- Which of the following factors/policies were affecting the price of rice in India in the recent past? 1. Minim…
- With reference to chemical fertilisers in India, consider the following statements: 1. At present, the retail …
- In India, which of the following can be considered as public investment in agriculture? 1. Fixing Minimum Supp…
- Under the Kisan Credit Card scheme, short-term credit support is given to farmers for which of the following p…
- Consider the following statements: 1. In the case of all cereals, pulses and oil-seeds, the procurement at Min…
- The term ‘West Texas Intermediate’, sometimes found in news, refers to a grade of
- With reference to Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMS), which of the following statements is/are correct?…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The weightage of food in Consumer Price Index (CPI) is higher than that …
- Statement 1 is correct: Substitutes are goods that can be used in place of each other (e.g., tea and coffee). …
- With reference to the Indian economy, consider the following statements: 1. ‘Commercial Paper’ is a short-term…
- If another global financial crisis happens in the near future, which of the following actions/policies are mos…
- If you withdraw Rs. 1,00,000 in cash from your Demand Deposit Account at your bank, the immediate effect on ag…
- What is the importance of the term “Interest Coverage Ratio” of a firm in India? 1. It helps in understanding …
- If the RBI decides to adopt an expansionist monetary policy, which of the following would it not do? 1. Cut an…
- Consider the following statements: 1. In terms of short-term credit delivery to the agriculture sector, Distri…
- With reference to the international trade of India at present, which of the following statements is/are correc…
UPSC 2019
- With reference to India’s Five -Year Plans, which of the following statements is/are correct ? 1. From the Sec…
- The economic cost of food grains to the Food Corporation of India is Minimum Support Price and bonus (if any) …
- Consider the following statements: 1. Coal sector was nationalised by the Government of India under Indira Gan…
- The Service Area Approach was implemented under the purview of
- Consider the following statements: The Reserve Bank of India’s recent directives relating to ‘Storage of Payme…
- What was the purpose of the Inter-Creditor Agreement signed by Indian banks and financial institutions recentl…
- The Chairman of public sector banks are selected by the:
- Which of the following is not included in the assets of a commercial bank in India?
- With reference to Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), consider the following statements: 1. AIIB has …
- In the context of India, which of the following factors is/are contributor/contributors to reducing the risk o…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Most of India’s external debt is owed by governmental entities. 2. All o…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) exchange rates are calculated by comparing…
- In a given year in India, official poverty lines are higher in some States than in others because:
UPSC 2018
- Which one of the following links all the ATMs in India?
- Which one of the following best describes the term “Merchant Discount Rate” sometimes seen in news?
- Consider the following statements: 1. Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) is the amount that banks have to maintain i…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The Reserve Bank of India manages and services Government of India Secur…
- With reference to the governance of public sector banking in India, consider the following statements: 1. Capi…
- With reference to India’s decision to levy an equalization tax of 6% on online advertisement services offered …
- India enacted the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999 in order to comply…
- Consider the following statements: Human capital formation as a concept is better explained in terms of a proc…
- If a commodity is provided free to the public by the Government, then
UPSC 2017
- Which of the following has/have occurred in India after its liberalisation of economic policies in 1991? 1. Th…
- Consider the following statements: 1. National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) helps in promoting the fin…
- What is the purpose of setting up of Small Finance Banks (SFBs) in India? 1. To supply credit to small busines…
- Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the ‘Monetary Policy Committee (MPC)? 1. It decides…
- What is/are the most likely advantages of imple- menting ‘Goods and Services Tax (GST)’? 1. It will replace mu…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Tax revenue as a percent of GDP of India has steadily increased in the l…
- With reference to the ‘National Intellectual Property Rights Policy’, consider the following statements: 1. It…
UPSC 2016
- Which of the following is/are the advantage/ advantages of practicing drip irrigation? 1. Reduction in weed 2.…
- Which one of the following is the purpose of ‘UDAY’, a scheme of the Government?
- What is/are the purpose/purposes of ‘District Mineral Foundations’ in India? 1. Promoting mineral exploration …
- With reference to ‘Bitcoins’, sometimes seen in the news, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1.…
- What is/are the purpose/purposes of the Government’s ‘Sovereign Gold Bond Scheme’ and ‘Gold Monetization Schem…
- The establishment of ‘Payment Banks’ is being allowed in India to promote financial inclusion. Which of the fo…
- The term ‘Core Banking Solution’ is sometimes seen in the news. Which of the following statements best describ…
- What is/are the purpose/purposes of the Marginal Cost of the Fund-Based Lending Rate (MCLR) announced by RBI? …
- There has been a persistent deficit budget year after year. Which action/actions of the following can be taken…
- Which of the following is/are included in the capital budget of the Government of India? 1. Expenditure on acq…
- With reference to ‘Financial Stability and Develo- pment Council’, consider the following statements: 1. It is…
- Consider the following statements: 1. New Development Bank has been set up by APEC. 2. The headquarters of New…
- Which of the following best describes the term ‘import cover’, sometimes seen in the news?
- In the context of which of the following do you sometimes find the terms ‘amber box, blue box and green box’ i…
- With reference to the International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC), consider the following statements…
- India’s ranking in the ‘Ease of Doing Business Index’ is sometimes seen in the news. Which of the following ha…
UPSC 2015
- The Fair and Remunerative Price (FRP) of sugarcane is approved by the:
- The substitution of steel for wooden ploughs in agricultural production is an example of:
- Which one of the following best describes the main objective of ‘Seed Village Concept’?
- With reference to the Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited (IREDA), which of the following state…
- Which of the following brings out the ‘Consumer Price Index Number for Industrial Workers’?
- ‘Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana’ has been launched for:
- With reference to Indian economy, consider the following: 1. Bank rate 2. Open market operations 3. Public deb…
- With reference to the Fourteenth Finance Commi- ssion, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. It…
- With reference to the Union Government, consider the following statements: 1. The Department of Revenue is res…
- A decrease in tax to GDP ratio of a country indi- cates which of the following? 1. Slowing economic growth rat…
- The terms ‘Agreement on Agriculture’, ‘Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures’ an…
- With reference to Indian economy, consider the following statements: 1. The rate of growth of Real Gross Domes…
- There has been a persistent deficit budget year after year. Which of the following actions can be taken by the…
- Convertibility of rupee implies:
- The problem of international liquidity is related to the nonavailability of:
- In the ‘Index of Eight Core Industries’, which one of the following is given the highest weight?
UPSC 2014
- What does venture capital mean?
- The terms ‘Marginal Standing Facility Rate’ and ‘Net Demand and Time Liabilities’, sometimes appearing in news…
- What is/are the facility/facilities the beneficiaries can get from the services of Business Correspondent (Ban…
- In the context of the Indian economy, which of the following is/are the purpose/purposes of ‘Statutory Reserve…
- With reference to the Union Budget, which of the following is/are covered under Non-Plan Expenditure? 1. Defen…
- With reference to Balance of Payments, which of the following constitutes/ constitute the Current Account? 1. …
- Which of the following organisations brings out the publication known as ‘World Economic Outlook?
UPSC 2013
- A rise in the general level of prices may be caused by: 1. An increase in the money supply 2. A decrease in th…
- Which of the following grants/grant direct credit assistance to rural households? 1. Regional Rural Banks 2. N…
- Consider the following liquid assets: 1. Demand deposits with the banks 2. Time deposits with the banks 3. Sav…
- Which of the following constitute a Capital Account? 1. Foreign Loans 2. Foreign Direct Investment 3. Private …
- Disguised unemployment generally means
UPSC 2012
- What is/are the recent policy initiative(s) of Government of India to promote the growth of the manufacturing …
- In India, in the overall index of Industrial Production, the Indices of Eight Core Industries have a combined …
- Despite having large reserves of coal, why does India import millions of tons of coal? 1. It is the policy of …
- Which of the following measures would result in an increase in the money supply in the economy? 1. Purchase of…
- The basic aid of Lead Bank Scheme is that:
- Why is the offering of “teaser loans” by commercial banks a cause of economic concern? 1. The teaser loans are…
- Under which of the following circumstances may ‘capital gains’ arise? 1. When there is an increase in sales of…
- Consider the following statements: The price of any currency in international market is decided by the 1. Worl…
- With reference to the National Rural Health Mission, which of the following are the jobs of ‘ASHA’, a trained …
- The endeavour of ‘Janani Suraksha Yojana’ Progr- amme is: 1. To promote institutional deliveries. 2. To provid…
- Consider the following: 1. Hotels and restaurants 2. Motor transport undertakings 3. Newspaper establishments …
- If the National Water Mission is properly and completely implemented, how will it impact the country? 1. Part …
- How do District Rural Development Agencies (DRDAs) help in the reduction of rural poverty in India? 1. DRDAs a…
- The Multi-dimensional Poverty Index developed by ‘Oxford Poverty and Human Development initiative with UNDP su…
UPSC 2011
- Why is the Government of India disinvesting its equity in the Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs)? 1. Th…
- With what purpose is the Government of India promoting the concept of “Mega Food Parks”? 1. To provide good in…
- In India, which of the following have the highest share in the disbursement of credit to agriculture and allie…
- Which of the following can aid in furthering the Government’s objective of inclusive growth? 1. Promoting Self…
- Microfinance is the provision of financial services to people of low-income groups. This includes both the con…
- In terms of economy, the visit by foreign nationals to witness the XIX common Wealth Games in India amounted t…
- Consider the following actions which the government can take: 1. Devaluing the domestic currency. 2. Reduction…
- With reference to “Aam Admi Bima Yojana”, consider the following statements: 1. The member insured under the s…
- India is regarded as a country with a “Demographic Dividend”. This is due to:
- A “closed economy” is an economy in which:
- With what purpose the Government of India is promoting the concept of “Mega Food Parks”? (2011) 1. To provide …
UPSC 2010
- With reference to Indian economy, consider the following statements: 1. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has i…
- In the context of India’s Five Year Plans, a shift in the pattern of industrialization, with lower emphasis on…
- Who of the following shall cause every recomme- ndation made by the finance Commission to be laid before each …
- Inclusive growth as enunciated in the Eleventh Five Year Plan does not include one of the following:
- India-based Neutrino Observatory is included by the Planning Commission as a mega science project under the 11…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The Union Government fixes the Statutory Minimum Price of sugarcane for …
- In the context of Indian economy, consider the following pairs: Term Most Appropriate Description 1. Melt Down…
- With reference to India, consider the following statements: 1. The Wholesale Price Index (WPI) in India is ava…
- With reference to the National Investment Fund to which the disinvestment proceeds are routed, consider the fo…
- A great deal of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to India comes from Mauritius than from many major and mature …
- When the Reserve Bank of India announces an increase of the Cash Reserve Rate, what does it mean?
- Which one of the following authorities makes recommendation to the Governor of a State as to the principles fo…
- Consider the following actions by the Government: 1. Cutting the tax rates 2. Increasing the government spendi…
- The International Development Association, a lending agency, is administered by the:
- In the parlance of financial investments, the term ‘bear’ denotes:
- In India, the interest rate on savings accounts in all the nationalized commercial banks is fixed by
UPSC 2009
- During which Five Year Plan was the Emergency clamped, new elections took place and the Janata Party was elect…
- Consider the following statements regarding Indian Planning: 1. The Second Five-Year Plan emphasized on the es…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices recommends the Minimum …
- Consider the following statements: 1. MMTC Limited is India’s largest international trading organization. 2. N…
- Consider the following: 1. Fringe Benefit Tax 2. Interest Tax 3. Securities Transaction Tax Which of the above…
- Which one of the following brings out the publication called “Energy Statistics” from time to time?
UPSC 2008
- Which of the following pairs about India’s economic indicator and agricultural production (all in rounded figu…
- Consider the following statements with reference to Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS): 1…
UPSC 2007
- Which one of the following is the correct sequence in the decreasing order of contribution of different sector…
- The National Housing Bank was set up in India as a wholly- owned subsidiary of which one of the following?
- Consider the following statements: 1. The repo rate is the rate at which other banks borrow from the Reserve B…
- Participatory Notes (PNs) are associated with which one of the following?
UPSC 2006
- Which one of the following Indian banks is not a nationalized bank?
- Which one of the following is the correct statement? Service tax is a/an:
- Consider the following statement: 1. Life Insurance Corporation of India is the oldest insurance company in In…
UPSC 2005
- Consider the following statements: 1. Sensex is based on 50 of the most important stocks available on the Bom…
- What is the correct sequence of the descending order of the following States in respect of female literacy rat…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) has been established by the…
UPSC 2004
- Assertion (A) : India does not export natural rubber. Reason (R) : About 97% of India’s demand for natural rub…
- Consider the following statement: India continues to be dependent on imports to meet the require- ment of oils…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Regarding the procurement of food-grains, the Government of India follow…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The National Housing Bank the apex institution of housing finance in Ind…
- Which of the following is not a recommendation of the task force on direct taxes under the chairm-anship of Dr…
- In the last one decade, which one among the following sectors has attracted the highest Foreign Direct Investm…
- Consider the following statements: As per 2001 Census 1. The two States with the lowest sex ratio are Haryana …
UPSC 2003
- Consider the following statements: In India, stamp duties on financial transactions are: 1. Levied and collect…
- Debenture holders of a company are its:
UPSC 2002
- Five Year Plan in India is finally approved by:
- In terms of value, which one of the following commodities accounted for the largest agricultural exports by In…
- HINDALCO, an aluminium factory located at Renukut owes its site basically to:
- Consider the following financial institutions of India: 1. Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI) 2. I…
- Consider the following: 1. Currency with the public 2. Demand deposits with banks 3. Time deposits with banks …
- A country is said to be a debt trap if:
- With reference to the Indian Public Finance, consider the following statements: 1. External liabilities report…
- Consider the following statements: Full convertibility of the rupee may mean: 1. Its free float with the inter…
- Global capital flows to developing countries increased significantly during the nineties. In view of the East …
UPSC 2001
- Consider the following states: 1. Gujarat 2. Karnataka 3. Maharashtra 4. Tamil Nadu The descending order of …
- Reason (R) : Indian software companies were cost- effective and maintained international quality.
- The annual agricultural production of a product for the period 1991–92 to 1998–99 is shown in the figure given…
- Consider the following factors regarding an industry 1. Capital investment 2. Business turnover 3. Labour f…
- With reference to Power Sector in India, consider the following statements: 1. Rural electrification has been …
- Consider the following: 1. Market borrowing 2. Treasury bills 3. Special securities issued to RBI Which of the…
- Consider the following statements regarding Reserve Bank of India: 1. It is a banker to the Central Government…
- Consider the following taxes: 1. Corporation tax 2. Customs duty 3. Wealth tax 4. Excise duty Which of t…
- Assertion (A) : Ceiling on foreign exchange for a host of current account transaction heads was lowered in the…
UPSC 2000
- Economic liberalisation in India started with:
- The correct sequence in decreasing order of the four sugarcane producing States in India is:
- Consider the following statements about the megacities of India: 1. Population of each megacity is more than 5…
- Consider the following statements: The Indian rupee is fully convertible: 1. in respect of Current Account of …
- The growth rate of per capita income at current prices is higher than that of per capita income at constant pr…
- Assertion (A) : The rate of growth of India’s exports has shown an appreciable increase after 1991. Reason (R)…
- In an open economy, the national income (Y) of the economy is: (C, I, G, X, M stands for Consumption, Investme…
- Which one of the following ports of India handles the highest tonnage of import cargo?
- A rise in ‘SENSEX’ means:
UPSC 1999
- Consider the following statements: Small-scale industries are, in most cases, not as efficient and competitive…
- From the balance sheet of a company, it is possible to:
- Consider the following statements: Industrial development in India, to an extent, is constrained by: 1. lack o…
- Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given the lists: List-I (Industries) L…
- The farmers are provided credit from a number of sources for their short and long term needs. The main sources…
- Assertion (A) : Fiscal deficit is greater than budgetary deficit. Reason (R) : Fiscal deficit is the borrowing…
- Assertion (A): Information technology is fast becoming a very important field of activity in India. Reason (R)…
- Assertion (A) : Devaluation of a currency may promote export. Reason (R): Price of the country’s products in t…
- The Employment Assurance Scheme envisages financial assistance to rural areas for guaranteeing employment to a…
- The first Indian State to have its Human Develo- pment Report prepared and released by Amartya Kumar Sen in De…
- Among which one of the following sets of social/ religious groups is the extent of poverty the highest, as per…
- Persons below the poverty line in India are classified as such based on whether:
UPSC 1998
- Economic Survey in India is published officially, every year by the:
- Match these centres with the following sets of names: Names: A. Katni B. Tirunelveli C. Sikka D. Churk Select …
- Some time back, the Government of India, decided to de-license ‘white goods’ industry. ‘White goods’ include:
- The banks are required to maintain a certain ratio between their cash in hand and total assets. This is called…
- The accounting year of the Reserve Bank of India is:
- Which one of the following is the correct sequence of decreasing order of the given currencies in terms of the…
- Which one of the following regions of the world supplies the maximum of our imported commodities (in terms of …
- The Capital Account Convertibility of the Indian Rupee implies:
- Human Poverty Index was introduced in the Human Development Report of the year:
- A consumer is said to be in equilibrium, if:
- Supply-side economics lays greater emphasis on the point of view of:
UPSC 1997
- The Sixth and the Eighth Five Year Plans covered the period 1980-1985 and 1992-1997 respectively. The Seventh …
- Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer: List-I (Commodities Exported from India) List-II (Cou…
- In India, inflation is measured by the:
- The sum of which of the following constitutes Broad Money in India? 1. Currency with the public 2. Demand depo…
- The Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) was introduced in the Budget of the Government of India for the year:
- Which of the following are among the non-plan expenditures of the Government of India? 1. Defence expenditure …
- As per 1991 Census, which one of the following groups of Union Territories had the highest literacy rate?
UPSC 1996
- The Eighth Five Year Plan is different from the earliest ones. The critical difference lies in the fact that:
- Which one of the following is correct regarding stabilization and structural adjustment as two components of t…
- One of the important goals of the economic liberalisation policy is to achieve full convertibility of the Indi…
- In India, rural incomes are generally lower than urban incomes. Which of the following reasons account for thi…
- A redistribution of income in a country can be best brought about through:
- Consider the following items imported by India : 1. Capital goods 2. Petroleum 3. Pearls and precious stones 4…
- Consider the following statements : Most intern- ational agencies which fund Development Progr-amme in India o…
- Hawala transactions relate to payments:
- As per the 1991 Census, the average size of households in terms of number of persons per household in respect …