Ravi constantly believes he is a failure because he once performed poorly on a test. Which cognitive problem is he exhib…

The Cognitive Model, proposed by Aaron Beck, suggests that psychological disorders such as depression are influenced by distorted patterns of thinking.

In this question, Ravi performed poorly on one test, but he concludes that he is a failure in general.

This is a classic example of Overgeneralisation.

What is Overgeneralisation?

Overgeneralisation occurs when a person:

Takes one negative event,
And applies it broadly to all situations or to their entire self-worth.
Ravi's Thinking Pattern
Event: Performed poorly on one test.
Conclusion: "I am a failure."

The conclusion is much broader than what the evidence supports.

Therefore, Ravi is exhibiting Overgeneralisation.