International Monetary Fund (IMF)

By YESPYQ · Updated July 2026 · 5 min read
Quick answer

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organisation established in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference to promote global monetary cooperation and financial stability. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organisation established in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference to promote global monetary cooperation and financial stability. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C.

Core functions

The IMF oversees the international monetary system, provides financial assistance to countries facing balance-of-payments problems, and offers technical advice and surveillance of member economies.

Special Drawing Rights

The IMF created the Special Drawing Right (SDR), an international reserve asset whose value is based on a basket of major currencies, including the Indian rupee's basket partners.

Why it matters for UPSC

The IMF's Bretton Woods origin, SDR and balance-of-payments role are frequently tested Economy and IR facts.

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Frequently asked questions

What is the SDR?

The Special Drawing Right, an international reserve asset created by the IMF, valued on a basket of major currencies.

Where is the IMF headquartered?

In Washington, D.C., United States.