🏛️ History & Art-CultureUPSC 2018Development of Education

Which of the following led to the introduction of English Education in India? (2018)1. Charter Act of 18132. General Committee of Public Instruction, 18233. Orientalist and Anglicist Controversy.Select the correct answer using the code given below:

a1 and 2 only
b2 only
c1 and 3 only
d1, 2 and 3
✓ Correct answer: d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationStatement 1 is correct: The idea of supporting educated Indians and promoting knowledge of contemporary sciences in the country was enshrined into the Charter Act of 1813. The Charter Act of 1813 permitted Christian missionaries to propagate English and preach their religion.It mandated the company to allocate one lakh rupees annually for the revival and improvement of literature and the promotion of science among the inhabitants of British India.The Act emphasized the need to educate Indians in Western sciences and literature which indirectly laid the foundation for English education.Statement 2 is correct: A “General Committee of Public Instruction” was established by the Governor-General-in- Council in 1823 with the task of allocating one lakh rupees for educational purposes under the Presidentship of Lord Macaulay.Lord Macaulay’s Minute resolved the debate in favor of the Anglicists, directing the limited government resources toward the teaching of Western sciences and literature through the medium of the English language.Statement 3 is correct: The Orientalist-Anglicist Controversy in the early 19th century centered on the medium and content of education in India.Orientalists led by scholars like H.T. Prinsep advocated for preserving traditional Indian knowledge through Sanskrit, Persian, and Arabic.Anglicists led by Thomas Babington Macaulay, pushed for English education to create a class of Indians who were culturally English but Indian by birth.The debate culminated in Macaulay's Minute of 1835 which favored English education.Governor-General Lord William Bentinck endorsed this view thereby officially making English the medium of instruction in higher education.

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