With reference to Indian history, consider the following statements: (UPSC 2022)1. The first Mongol invasion of India happened during the reign of Jalalud- din Khalji.2. During the reign of Ala-ud-din Khalji, one Mongol assault marched up to Delhi and besieged the city.3. Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq temporarily lost portions of north-west of his kingdom to Mongols.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
✓ Correct answer: b) 2 only
Explanation2 onlyStatement 1 is not correct: The first Mongol invasion of India took place in the reign of Sultan Shams-ud-din lltutmish.Statement 2 is correct: During the reign of Alauddin Khalji, one of the Mongol invasions reached till the outskirts of Delhi city and besieged it.Alauddin established a huge permanent, standing army to satisfy his ambition of conquest and to protect the country from Mongol invasion.The Mongols attacked at the worst time possible for Alauddin Khilji – when he was busy laying siege to Chittor.Statement 3 is not correct: Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq defeated the Mongols and he had not lost any of the portions of his kingdom to them.In 1327 the Chagatai Mongols under Tarmashirin, who had sent envoys to Delhi to negotiate peace the previous year, sacked the frontier towns of Lamghan and Multan and besieged Delhi.Tarmashirin was a Buddhist who later converted to Islam.Religious tensions in the Chagatai Khanate were a divisive factor among the Mongols.
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