Who among the following was/were associated with the introduction of Ryotwari Settlement in India during the British Rule? (2017)1. Lord Cornwallis2. Alexander Read3. Thomas MunroSelect the correct answer using the code given below:
✓ Correct answer: c) 2 and 3 only
ExplanationOption (c) is correct: Permane nt Settleme nt Started by Lord Cornwallis in 1793. Prevalent in Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, Varanasi (United Provinces), and Northern Karnataka.Covered 19% of British India.A new section of Zamindars was appointed who would provide 10/11th part of the revenue collected to the British while keeping the remaining.Ryotwari System Started by Thomas Munro and Alexander Reed in 1820. Started in the Baramahal district of Tamil Nadu and later spread to Madras, parts of Bombay, East Bengal, Assam and Coorg (Karnataka).Covered 51% of British India.Ryots (farmers) were given ownership and other rights over the land and were required to pay the revenue directly to the government.Involved high taxes and strict collection.Mahalwar i System The Mahalwari system was introduced by Holt Mackenzie in 1822. Prevalent in United Provinces, Central Provinces and Punjab.Covered 30% of British India.The village or mahal served as the unit for collecting revenue.Village land belonged to the community and it was the responsibility of the entire community to pay the land revenue.
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