Recently, there has been a concern over the short supply of a group of elements called ‘rare earth metals’. Why?1. China, which is the largest producer of these elements, has im- posed some restrictions on their export.2. Other than China, Australia, Canada and Chile, these elements are not found in any country.3. Rare earth metals are essential for the manufacture of various kinds of electronic items and there is a growing demand for these elements.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
✓ Correct answer: c) 1 and 3 only
ExplanationStatement 1 is correct: China has historically been the dominant global producer of rare earth elements, accounting for a significant share of the world’s supply.Concerns about supply disruptions have arisen due to China’s implementation of export restrictions, quotas, and other regulatory measures.These actions have included limiting export volumes, imposing ex- port tariffs, and consolidating its rare earth mining industry.These policies, while potentially aimed at domestic industrial development and resource conservation, have had significant impacts on global markets, creating price volatility and raising concerns about access to these crucial materials for other coun- tries.Statement 2 is incorrect: China, Australia, Canada, and Chile dominate the rare earth element market, but reserves are also found in Asia, Africa, Europe, and South America.Other coun- tries like the USA, India, Russia, Brazil, Vietnam, and Myan- mar also have significant rare earth deposits.While China re- mains the largest producer, global exploration and development efforts are underway to diversify
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