Consider the following statements:1. The United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) has a ‘Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air’.2. The UNCAC is the ever-first legally binding global anti-corrup- tion instrument.3. A highlight of the United Nations Convention against Transna- tional Organized Crime (UNTOC) is the inclusion of a specific chapter aimed at returning assets to their rightful owners from whom they had been taken illicitly.4. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is mandated by its member States to assist in the implementa- tion of both UNCAC and UNTOC.Which of the statements given above are correct?
✓ Correct answer: c) 2 and 4 only
ExplanationStatement 1 is incorrect: The Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air is not part of the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC).It is a supplementary protocol to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) adopted in 2000. The UNCAC was adopted in 2003 and focuses specifically on combating corruption and does not include provisions re- lated to migrant smuggling.Statement 2 is correct: The UNCAC adopted in 2003 is the first legally binding global instrument to combat corruption.It provides a comprehensive framework for preventing and crim- inalizing corruption, promoting international cooperation, and recovering illicitly acquired assets.It has been ratified by nearly all UN member states.Statement 3 is incorrect: The UNTOC primarily focuses on combating transnational organized crime, including human traf- ficking, migrant smuggling, and illicit arms trafficking.It includes provisions for international cooperation and asset recovery but it does not have a specific chapter dedicated to returning assets to thei
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