With reference to the United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea, consider the following statements: 1. A coastal state has the right to establish the breadth of its ter- ritorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles, mea- sured from baseline determined in accordance with the con- vention. 2. Ships of all states, whether coastal or land-locked, enjoy the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea. 3. The Exclusive Economic Zone shall not extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Question

YESPYQ · Accepted Answer

Correct answer: 1, 2 and 3. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), 1982, defines maritime zones and rights of coastal and landlocked states. Statement 1 is correct: According to Article 3 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), every coastal state has the right to establish its territorial sea up to a maximum breadth of 12 nautical miles from baselines deter- mined under the convention. The state exercises full sovereign- ty over this zone, including its airspace and seabed. Statement 2 is correct: Article 17 of UNCLOS provides that all states, including landlocked ones, have the right of “innocent passage” through the territorial sea of a coastal state. Inno- cent passage means passing through the sea without harming the security, peace, or environment of the coastal state. Statement 3 is correct: Article 57 of UNCLOS specifies that an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) extends up to 200 nautical miles from the baseline used to measure the territorial sea. In this zone, the coastal state has special rights over marine re- sources (fishing,

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