India’s population growth during the 20th century can be classified into four distinct phases. Match List-I (Period) with List-II (Phase) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: List-I (Period) List-II (Phase) A. 1901-1921 1. Steady growth B. 1921 -1951 2. Rapid high growth C. 1951-1981 3. Stagnant growth D. 1981 -2001 4. High growth with definite signs of slowdown UPSC GS Paper-I PYQs 380 Codes :

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YESPYQ · Accepted Answer

Correct answer: A-3; B-1; C-2; D-4. A is correctly matched with 3: 1901-1921 period is often re- ferred to as the “Stagnant Phase” in India’s demographic history. Both birth and death rates were high, leading to minimal popu- lation growth. The decade from 1911 to 1921 even witnessed a slight decline in population, primarily due to epidemics, famines, and the influenza pandemic of 1918-19. B is correctly matched with 1: 1921-1951 is known as the “Steady Growth Phase”. This period saw a decline in death rates due to improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and transporta- tion. However, birth rates remained high, resulting in a gradual increase in population. The population grew from approximately 251 million in 1921 to 361 million in 1951 C is correctly matched with 2: 1951-1981 is termed as the “Rapid High Growth Phase”. This era experienced a significant surge in population. While death rates continued to decline, birth rates remained relatively high, leading to a sharp increase in pop- ulation numbers. The population nearly doubled during these three decades, rising from about 361

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