The acidification of oceans is increasing. Why is this phenomenon a cause of concern: 1. The growth and survival of calcareous phytoplankton will be adversely affected. 2. The growth and survival of coral reefs will be adversely affected. 3. The survival of some animals that have phytoplanktonic larvae will be adversely affected. 4. The cloud seeding and formation of clouds will be adversely affected. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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YESPYQ · Accepted Answer

Correct answer: 1, 2 and 3 only. Statement 1 is correct : Ocean acidification reduces the ability of calcareous phytoplankton (such as coccolithophores) to form their calcium carbonate shells. As the ocean becomes more acidic, the process of calcification is impaired, adversely affecting their growth and survival. Statement 2 is correct : Coral reefs rely on the ability of coral polyps to produce calcium carbonate skeletons. As ocean acidity increases, it becomes more difficult for corals to build and main- tain their skeletons, making them more vulnerable. This not only threatens corals themselves but also the ecosystems that depend on them. Statement 3 is correct : The larvae of some marine organisms, particularly those with phytoplanktonic larvae, rely on calci- um carbonate for protection and growth. As the ocean becomes more acidic, these organisms may face difficulties in developing their shells, which could disrupt marine food webs. Statement 4 is incorrect : While phytoplankton contribute to the release of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), which is linked to cloud formation, ocean acid

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