A new type of El Nino called El Nino Modoki appeared in the news. In this context, consider the following statements:1. Normal El Nino forms in the Central Pacific Ocean whereas El Nino Modoki forms in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.2. Normal El Nino results in diminished hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean but El Nino Modoki results in a greater number of hurricanes with greater frequency.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
✓ Correct answer: b) 2 only
ExplanationEl Niño is a climate pattern characterized by unusu- ally warm ocean temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean.El Niño Modoki is a distinct phase of El Niño with a dif- ferent spatial pattern of warming in the Pacific Ocean.Statement 1 is incorrect : Because it reverses the typical loca- tions of El Niño and El Niño Modoki.Normal El Niño occurs in the Eastern Pacific Ocean, where sea surface temperatures be- come unusually warm, typically around the equator off the coast of South America.El Niño Modoki, on the other hand, forms in the Central Pacific Ocean, with warming concentrated between the dateline and the central Pacific, distinct from the usual loca- tion of normal El Niño.Statement 2 is correct : During normal El Niño events, the atmospheric changes (increased wind shear and cooler waters in the Atlantic) tend to suppress hurricane formation in the At- lantic Ocean, leading to fewer hurricanes.In contrast, El Niño Modoki causes different atmospheric conditions that have been linked to a greater frequency and intensity of hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean.The
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