Which of the following is/are unique characteristics/ characteristics of equatorial forests ? 1. Presence of tall, closely set trees with crowns forming a continuous canopy 2. Coexistence of a large number of species 3. Presence of numerous varieties of epiphytes Select the correct answer using the codes given below :

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Correct answer: 1, 2 and 3. Tropical rainforests, also called equatorial forests, are found near the equator between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. These forests thrive in areas with high tempera- tures and consistent rainfall, which support the rich and di- verse vegetation. Statement 1 is correct : This is a defining characteristic of trop- ical rainforests, also called equatorial forests. The trees are generally tall (often reaching 30–45 meters), and their crowns form a continuous canopy, which allows very little sunlight to reach the forest floor. The canopy helps in conserving moisture and maintaining the unique ecosystem. Statement 2 is correct : Tropical rainforests are known for their high biodiversity, with a large number of species coex- isting in close proximity. The climatic conditions (constant warmth and moisture) lead to intense ecological dynamics that promote coevolution, making these forests the most biodi- verse terrestrial ecosystems on Earth. Statement 3 is correct : Epiphytes, such as mosses, ferns, and orchids, are common in equatorial forests. These pla

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