With reference to the history of Ancient India, which of the following was/were common to both Buddhism and Jainism? 1. Avoidance of extremities of penance and enjoyment 2. Indifference to the authority of Vedas 3. Denial of the efficacy of rituals Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

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Correct answer: 2 and 3 only. Statement 1 is Incorrect: The Middle Path (Madhyamaka Marga) was a core teaching of Gautama Buddha. He rejected extreme asceticism as well as indulgence in sensual pleasures. Jainism of Mahavira advocated extreme asceticism, including rigorous penance, fasting, and self-mortification. Statement 2 is Correct: Both Buddhism and Jainism did not accept the Vedas as supreme authority. They rejected the idea that Brahmins had a monopoly on religious knowledge. Buddha and Mahavira promoted rationalism, self-experience, and ethical conduct over scriptural authority. Statement 3 is Correct: Both religions rejected the efficacy of Vedic rituals and sacrifices and instead emphasized the importance of moral conduct, meditation, and self-discipline. They believed that liberation (nirvana in Buddhism, moksha in Jainism) could not be achieved through rituals but only through personal effort and spiritual practice. 81

With reference to the history of Ancient India, which of the following was/were common to both Buddhism and Jainism?1. Avoidance of extremities of penance and enjoyment2. Indifference to the authority of Vedas3. Denial of the efficacy of ritualsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below:

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With reference to the history of Ancient India, which of the following was/were common to both Buddhism and Jainism?1. Avoidance of extremities of penance and enjoyment2. Indifference to the authority of Vedas3. Denial of the efficacy of ritualsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below:

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