🏛️ History & Art-CultureUPSC 2013Architecture in India

Some Buddhist rock-cut caves are called Chaityas, while the others are called Viharas. What is the difference between the two?

aVihara is a place of worship, while Chaitya is the dwelling place of the monks.
bChaitya is a place of worship, while Vihara is the dwelling place of the monks.
cChaitya is the stupa at the far end of the cave, while Vihara is the hall axial to it
dThere is no material difference between the two.
✓ Correct answer: b) Chaitya is a place of worship, while Vihara is the dwelling place of the monks.
ExplanationIn Buddhist architecture, a chaitya is a prayer hall or sanctuary, typically containing a stupa (a mound-like structure that houses relics of the Buddha).Chaityas were places of worship, where Buddhist communities gathered for prayers, rituals, and meditation.These structures often have a barrel-vaulted roof and a central nave leading to the stupa at the far end.A vihara is a monastic dwelling or residence for monks.It usually consists of a series of cells or rooms surrounding a central courtyard, where monks lived, meditated, and studied.Viharas were intended for residential purposes, as opposed to chaityas, which were for communal worship.They can be found in Ajanta Caves, Karle Caves, etc. 78

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