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NEETBiology

Excretory Products and their Elimination

18 NEET Biology previous year questions on Excretory Products and their Elimination — options free on every question; 2 include the answer & explanation free, the rest unlock with PYQ Pass.

Q1 FREE PREVIEW
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A person who is on a long hunger strike and is surviving only on water, will have:
aless amino acids in his urine.
bmore glucose in his blood.
cless urea in his urine.
dmore sodium in his urine.
✓ Correct answer: c) less urea in his urine.
ExplanationA person who is on a long hunger strike and is surviving only on water, will have less urea in his urine.
Q2 FREE PREVIEW
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Choose the correct statement given below regarding juxta medullary nephron. [NEET 2024]
aJuxta medullary nephrons outnumber the cortical nephrons.
bJuxta medullary nephrons are located in the columns of Bertini.
cRenal corpuscle of juxta medullary nephron lies in the outer portion of the renal medulla.
dLoop of Henle of juxta medullary nephron runs deep into medulla.
✓ Correct answer: d) Loop of Henle of juxta medullary nephron runs deep into medulla.
ExplanationJuxta medullary nephrons are characterized by: Long Loop of Henle that extends deep into the renal medulla, which is crucial for the formation of concentrated urine through the counter-current mechanism.Renal corpuscle located at the junction of the cortex and medulla.Vasa recta surrounding the long loop, playing a key role in maintaining the osmolarity gradient.(A) is incorrect because Cortical nephrons outnumber juxta medullary nephrons.(B) is incorrect as juxta medullary nephrons are not located in the columns of Bertini (these are extensions of the cortex between renal pyramids).(C) is incorrect because the Renal corpuscle lies close to the medulla, not in the outer cortex.Therefore, the correct statement is (D).
Q3
PYQ

Given below are two statements :
Statement I : Concentrated urine is formed due to counter current mechanism in nephron.
Statement II : Counter current mechanism helps to maintain osmotic gradient in the medullary interstitium.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.

[Re-NEET 2024]

a

Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.

b

Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.

c

Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.

d

Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.

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Q4
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Choose the correct statement given below regarding juxta medullary nephron.

[NEET 2024]

a

Juxta medullary nephrons outnumber the cortical nephrons.

b

Juxta medullary nephrons are located in the columns of Bertini.

c

Renal corpuscle of juxta medullary nephron lies in the outer portion of the renal medulla.

d

Loop of Henle of juxta medullary nephron runs deep into medulla.

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Q5
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Given below are two statements :
Statement I : In the nephron, the descending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water and permeable to electrolytes.
Statement II : The proximal convoluted tubule is lined by simple columnar brush border epithelium and increases the surface area for reabsorption.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

[NEET 2024]

a

Statement I is false but Statement II is true

b

Both Statement I and Statement II are true

c

Both Statement I and Statement II are false

d

Statement I is true but Statement II is false

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Q6
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Diuresis is prevented by:

a

renin from JG cells via switching off the osmoreceptors.

b

ANF from atria of the heart.

c

aldosterone from adrenal medulla.

d

vasopressin from neurohypophysis.

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Q7
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Choose the correct statement given below regarding juxta medullary nephron.

[NEET 2024]

a

Juxta medullary nephrons outnumber the cortical nephrons.

b

Juxta medullary nephrons are located in the columns of Bertini.

c

Renal corpuscle of juxta medullary nephron lies in the outer portion of the renal medulla.

d

Loop of Henle of juxta medullary nephron runs deep into medulla.

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Q8
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Diuresis is prevented by:

[Re-NEET 2024]

a

renin from JG cells via switching off the osmoreceptors.

b

ANF from atria of the heart.

c

aldosterone from adrenal medulla.

d

vasopressin from neurohypophysis.

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Q9
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The JGA (Juxta Glomerular Apparatus) is a special sensitive region formed by cellular modifications in _______ related to the same nephron.

[NEET 2026]

a

Distal convoluted tubule and efferent renal arteriole

b

Proximal convoluted tubule and afferent renal arteriole

c

Distal convoluted tubule and afferent renal arteriole

d

Proximal convoluted tubule and efferent renal arteriole

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Q10
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Arrange the following events occurring in the Renin-Angiotensin mechanism in the correct order:
A. Increase in blood pressure and Glomerular filtration rate.
B. Reabsorption of \(N{a}^{+}\)and water from distal parts of tubule due to Aldosterone.
C. Fall in Glomerular filtration rate.
D. Vasoconstriction by Angiotensin II and release of Aldosterone.
E. Renin converts Angiotensinogen into Angiotensin I, followed by Angiotensin II.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

[NEET 2026]

a

C, A, B, D, E

b

A, D, B, E, C

c

A, C, E, B, D

d

C, E, D, B, A

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Q11
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Diuresis is prevented by:

a

renin from JG cells via switching off the osmoreceptors.

b

ANF from atria of the heart.

c

aldosterone from adrenal medulla.

d

vasopressin from neurohypophysis.

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Q12
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Presence of which of the following conditions in urine are indicative of diabetes mellitus?

[NEET 2020]

a

Uremia and renal calculi

b

Ketonuria and glycosuria

c

Renal calculi and hyperglycemia

d

Uremia and ketonuria

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Q13
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Which of the following statements are correct?
A. An excessive loss of body fluid from the body switches off osmoreceptors.
B. ADH facilitates water reabsorption to prevent diuresis.
C. ANF causes vasodilation.
D. ADH causes increase in blood pressure.
E. ADH is responsible for decrease in GFR.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

[NEET 2023]

a

B, C and D only

b

A, B and E only

c

C, D and E only

d

A and B only

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Q14
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The increase in osmolarity from outer to inner medullary interstitium is maintained due to:

(i) Close proximity between Henle's loop and vasa recta

(ii) Counter current mechanism

(iii) Selective secretion of \( \mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-} \)and hydrogen ions in PCT

(iv) Higher blood pressure in glomerular capillaries

[Re-NEET 2020]

a

(iii) and (iv)

b

(i), (ii) and (iii)

c

(i) and (ii)

d

Only (ii)

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Q15
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Select the correct statement.

[Re-NEET 2020]

a

Angiotensin II is a powerful vasodilator.

b

Counter current pattern of blood flow is not observed in vasa recta.

c

Reduction in Glomerular Filtration Rate activates JG cells to release renin.

d

Atrial Natriuretic Factor increases the blood pressure.

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Q16
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The increase in osmolarity from outer to inner medullary interstitium is maintained due to:

(i) Close proximity between Henles loop and vasa recta

(ii) Counter current mechanism

(iii) Selective secretion of \( \mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-} \)and hydrogen ions in PCT

(iv) Higher blood pressure in glomerular capillaries

[Re-NEET 2020]

a

(iii) and (iv)

b

(i), (ii) and (iii)

c

(i) and (ii)

d

Only (ii)

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Q17
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Which of the following would help in prevention of diuresis?

[NEET 2020]

a

More water reabsorption due to undersecretion of \( \mathrm{ADH} \).

b

Reabsorption of \( \mathrm{Na}^{+} \)and water from renal tubules due to aldosterone.

c

Atrial natriuretic factor causes vasoconstriction.

d

Decrease in secretion of renin by JG cells.

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Q18
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Given below are statements : one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.

Assertion A : Nephrons are of two types: Cortical & Juxta medullary, based on their relative position in cortex and medulla.

Reason R : Juxta medullary nephrons have short loop of Henle whereas, cortical nephrons have longer loop of Henle.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

[NEET 2023]

a

Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

b

A is true but R is false.

c

A is false but R is true.

d

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

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