Evolution

Q1 FREE PREVIEW

PYQ

Genetic drift operates in

asmall isolated population

blarge isolated population

cnon-reproductive population

dslow reproductive population

✓ Correct answer: a) small isolated population

ExplanationGenetic drift is most effective in small isolated populations, where chance events can easily change allele frequencies.

Q2 FREE PREVIEW

PYQ

Which of the following had the smallest brain capacity? [PYQ 2015]

aHomo neanderthalensis

bHomo habilis

cHomo erectus

dHomo sapiens

✓ Correct answer: b) Homo habilis

Explanation(2) Homo erectus had a large brain around 900cc.Homo habilis had brain capacities between 650-800cc.The Neanderthal man with a brain size of 1400cc. [New NCERT Class 12th Page No. 124, 125]

Q3 FREE PREVIEW

PYQ

Variations caused by mutation, as proposed by Hugo de Vries, are [NEET 2019]

asmall and directionless

brandom and directional

crandom and directionless

dsmall and directional

✓ Correct answer: c) random and directionless

ExplanationAccording to Hugo de Vries, mutations are random and directionless.De Vries believed mutations caused speciation and hence called saltation (Single step large change).

Q4 FREE PREVIEW

PYQ

The flippers of the Penguins and Dolphins are the example of the:

adivergent evolution.

badaptive radiation.

cnatural selection.

dconvergent evolution.

✓ Correct answer: d) convergent evolution.

ExplanationAnalogous structures are a result of convergent evolution - different structures evolving for the same function and hence having similarity.Examples of analogy are the eye of the octopus and of mammals or the flippers of Penguins and Dolphins.

Q5 FREE PREVIEW

PYQ

A population of diploid organisms is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. If the frequency of allele A is 0.1, the frequency of AA is ___________.

[Re-NEET 2026]

a

0.01

b

0.02

c

0.10

d

0.99

✓ Correct answer: a)

0.01

Explanation

For a population in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium:

\({p}^{2}+2pq+{q}^{2}=1\)

Where:

\(p\) = frequency of allele A
\(q\) = frequency of allele a
\({p}^{2}\) = frequency of genotype AA
\(2pq\) = frequency of genotype Aa
\({q}^{2}\) = frequency of genotype aa

Given: \(p=0.1\)

Frequency of AA genotype: \(AA={p}^{2}\)\(=(0.1{)}^{2}\)\(=0.01\)

Therefore, the frequency of AA = 0.01.

Correct Answer: Option A (0.01)

Q6

PYQ

Which one of the following factors will not affect the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

[NEET 2024]

a

Constant gene pool

b

Genetic recombination

c

Genetic drift

d

Gene migration

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Q7

PYQ

Given below are some stages of human evolution. Arrange them in correct sequence. (Past to Recent)
A. Homo habilis
B. Homo sapiens
C. Homo neanderthalensis
D. Homo erectus

Choose the correct sequence of human evolution from the options given below :

[NEET 2024]

a

A-D-C-B

b

B-A-D-C

c

D-A-C-B

d

C-B-D-A

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Q8

PYQ

Match List I with List II.

	List I		List II
A.	Mesozoic Era	I.	Lower invertebrates
B.	Proterozoic Era	II.	Fish & Amphibia
C.	Cenozoic Era	III.	Birds & Reptiles
D.	Paleozoic Era	IV.	Mammals

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

[NEET 2024]

a

A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

b

A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV

c

A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV

d

A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III

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Q9

PYQ

Match List-I with List-II:

LIST I	LIST II
A) Living Fossil	I) Elongated canine teeth
B) Connecting link	II) Vermiform appendix
C) Vestigial Organ	III) Echidna
D) Atavism	IV) Latimeria

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

[Re-NEET 2024]

a

A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

b

A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I

c

A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II

d

A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

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Q10

PYQ

The flippers of the Penguins and Dolphins are the example of the:

a

divergent evolution.

b

adaptive radiation.

c

natural selection.

d

convergent evolution.

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Q11

PYQ

Which of the following is not an example of convergent evolution?

[NEET 2026]

a

Eyes of octopus and mammals

b

Fore limbs of whales and bats

c

Wings of butterflies and birds

d

Flippers of penguins and dolphins

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Q12

PYQ

Adaptive radiation in placental mammals and Australian Marsupials leading to similarity between distant species is an example of ____________.

[Re-NEET 2026]

a

divergent evolution

b

convergent evolution

c

founder effect

d

genetic drift

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Q13

PYQ

Natural selection can lead to _______.

(a) stabilisation

(b) genetic drift

(c) directional change

(d) disruption

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

[Re-NEET 2026]

a

(a) only

b

(a), (c) and (d) only

c

(a), (b), (c) and (d) only

d

(a) and (c) only

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Q14

PYQ

What is the correct order (old to recent) of periods in Paleozoic era ?

[Re-NEET 2024]

a

Silurian, Devonian, Permian, Carboniferous

b

Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian

c

Permian, Devonian, Silurian, Carboniferous

d

Silurian, Carboniferous, Permian, Devonian

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Q15

PYQ

Evolution of human appears parallel to the progressive development of brain and language skills. As such, the evolution of individual species in the sequence of their appearance is:

[NEET 2026]

a

Homo habilis → Homo erectus → Ramapithecus → Neanderthal → Homo sapiens

b

Ramapithecus → Homo habilis → Homo erectus → Neanderthal → Homo sapiens

c

Homo sapiens → Ramapithecus → Homo habilis → Neanderthal → Homo erectus

d

Neanderthal → Ramapithecus → Homo habilis → Homo erectus → Homo sapiens

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Q16

PYQ

Given below are some stages of human evolution. Arrange them in correct sequence. (Past to Recent)
A. Homo habilis
B. Homo sapiens
C. Homo neanderthalensis
D. Homo erectus

Choose the correct sequence of human evolution from the options given below :

[NEET 2024]

a

A-D-C-B

b

B-A-D-C

c

D-A-C-B

d

C-B-D-A

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Q17

PYQ

Match List-I with List-II with respect to convergent evolution:

List I	List II
A. Lemur	I. Flying phalanger
B. Bobcat	II. Numbat
C. Anteater	III. Spotted cuscus
D. Flying squirrels	IV. Tasmanian tiger cat

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

[Re-NEET 2024]

a

A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

b

A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I

c

A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

d

A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I

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Q18

PYQ

Which of the following is not evidence for evolution?

[Re-NEET 2026]

a

Convergent evolution of traits like wings of birds and butterflies

b

Paleontological evidence from fossil records

c

Embryological support for evolution as proposed by Ernst Heckel

d

Divergent evolution of anatomical structures such as forelimbs

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Q19

PYQ

Sweet potato and potato represent a certain type of evolution. Select the correct combination of terms to explain the evolution.

[NEET 2025]

a

Homology, convergent

b

Analogy, divergent

c

Analogy, convergent

d

Homology, divergent

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Q20

PYQ

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.

Assertion A: Forelimbs of human and bats are homologous.

Reason R: Forelimbs of humans and bats have similar anatomical structure.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

[Re-NEET 2026]

a

Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A

b

Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

c

A is true but R is false

d

A is false but R is true

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Q21

PYQ

Which one of the following factors will not affect the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

[NEET 2024]

a

Constant gene pool

b

Genetic recombination

c

Genetic drift

d

Gene migration

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Q22

PYQ

Given below are some stages of human evolution. Arrange them in correct sequence. (Past to Recent)
A. Homo habilis
B. Homo sapiens
C. Homo neanderthalensis
D. Homo erectus

Choose the correct sequence of human evolution from the options given below :

[NEET 2024]

a

A-D-C-B

b

B-A-D-C

c

D-A-C-B

d

C-B-D-A

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Q23

PYQ

Embryological support for evolution was disapproved by:

[Re-NEET 2020]

a

Karl Ernst Von Baer.

b

Alfred Wallace.

c

Charles Darwin.

d

Oparin.

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Q24

PYQ

The chronological order of human evolution from early to the recent is

a

Australopithecus \( \rightarrow \) Ramapithecus \( \rightarrow \) Homo habilis \( \rightarrow \) Homo erectus

b

Ramapithecus \( \rightarrow \) Australopithecus \( \rightarrow \) Homo habilis \( \rightarrow \) Homo erectus

c

Ramapithecus \( \rightarrow \) Homo habilis \( \rightarrow \) Australopithecus \( \rightarrow \) Homo erectus

d

Australopithecus \( \rightarrow \) Homo habilis \( \rightarrow \) Ramapithecus \( \rightarrow \) Homo erectus

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Q25

PYQ

Diversification in plant life appeared

a

due to long periods of evolutionary changes

b

due to abrupt mutations

c

suddenly on earth

d

by seed dispersal

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Q26

PYQ

Which of the following refer to correct example(s) of organisms which have evolved due to changes in environment brought about by anthropogenic action?

1. Darwin's Finches of Galapagos islands.

2. Herbicide resistant weeds.

3. Drug resistant eukaryotes.

4. Man-created breeds of domesticated animals like dogs.

[NEET 2020]

a

(1) and (3)

b

(2), (3) and (4)

c

Only (4)

d

Only (2)

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Q27

PYQ

According to fossils discovered up to present time origin and evolution of man started from

a

France

b

Java

c

Africa

d

China

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Q28

PYQ

Select the correct group/set of Australian Marsupials exhibiting adaptive radiation.

[NEET 2023]

a

Numbat, Spotted cuscus, Flying phalanger

b

Mole, Flying squirrel, Tasmanian tiger cat

c

Lemur, Anteater, Wolf

d

Tasmanian wolf, Bobcat, Marsupial mole

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Q29

PYQ

The factor that leads to Founder effect in a population is

[NEET 2021]

a

Genetic recombination

b

Mutation

c

Genetic drift

d

Natural selection

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Q30

PYQ

Match List I with List II.

	List I		List II
A.	Mesozoic Era	I.	Lower invertebrates
B.	Proterozoic Era	II.	Fish & Amphibia
C.	Coenozoic Era	III.	Birds & Reptiles
D.	Paleozoic Era	IV.	Mammals

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

[NEET 2024]

a

A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

b

A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV

c

A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV

d

A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III

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Q31

PYQ

The idea of mutations was brought forth by

a

Hugo de Vries who worked on evening primrose

b

Gregor Mendel who worked on Pisum sativum

c

Hardy-Weinberg who worked on allele frequencies in a population

d

Charles Darwin who observed a wide variety of organisms during sea voyage

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Q32

PYQ

Genetic drift is change of

a

gene frequency in same generation

b

appearance of recessive genes

c

gene frequency from one generation to next

d

none of these

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Q33

PYQ

The phenomenon of evolution of different species in a given geographical area starting from a point and spreading to other habitats is called

[Re-NEET 2020]

a

saltation

b

co-evolution

c

natural selection

d

adaptive radiation

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Q34

PYQ

After about how many years of formation of earth, life appeared on this planet?

[Re-NEET 2020]

a

50 million years

b

500 million years

c

50 billion years

d

500 billion years

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Q35

PYQ

In Lederbergs replica plating experiment what shall be used to obtain streptomycin resistant strain?

a

Minimal medium and streptomycin

b

Complete medium and streptomycin

c

Only minimal medium

d

Only complete medium

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Q36

PYQ

After about how many years of formation of earth, life appeared on this planet?

a

50 million years

b

500 million years

c

50 billion years

d

500 billion years

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Q37

PYQ

Which evidence of evolution is related to Darwin's finches?

a

Evidences from biogeographical distribution

b

Evidences from comparative anatomy

c

Evidences from embryology

d

Evidences from paleontology

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Q38

PYQ

In which condition, the gene ratio remains constant for any species population?

a

Sexual selection

b

Random mating

c

Mutation

d

Gene flow

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Q39

PYQ

Flippers of Penguins and Dolphins are examples of:

[NEET 2020]

a

Convergent evolution

b

Industrial melanism

c

Natural selection

d

Adaptive radiation

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Q40

PYQ

In Hardy-Weinberg equation, the frequency of heterozygous individual is represented by

a

\( p^{2} \)

b

\( 2 pq \)

c

\( pq \)

d

\( q^{2} \)

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Q41

PYQ

The earliest fossil form, in the phylogeny of horse, is

a

Equus

b

Mesohippus

c

Eohippus

d

Merychippus

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Q42

PYQ

An important evidence in favour of organic evolution is the occurrence of

a

homologous and analogous organs

b

homologous and vestigial organs

c

analogous and vestigial organs

d

homologous organs only

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Q43

PYQ

From his experiments, S.L. Miller produced amino acids by mixing the following in a closed flask:

[NEET 2020]

a

\(\mathrm{CH}_3, \mathrm{H}_2, \mathrm{NH}_4\) and water vapour at \(800^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)

b

\(\mathrm{CH}_4, \mathrm{H}_2, \mathrm{NH}_3\) and water vapour at \(600^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)

c

\(\mathrm{CH}_3, \mathrm{H}_2, \mathrm{NH}_3\) and water vapour at \(600^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)

d

\(\mathrm{CH}_4, \mathrm{H}_2, \mathrm{NH}_3\) and water vapour at \(800^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)

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Q44

PYQ

Identify the fossil of man who showed the following characteristics.
A. Brain capacity of 1400 cc.
B. Used hides to protect their body.
C. Buried their dead bodies.

In the light of above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

a

Homo erectus

b

Neanderthal man

c

Homo habilis

d

Australopithecus

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Q45

PYQ

The first domesticated animal by primitive man was

a

cat

b

cow

c

dog

d

horse

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Q46

PYQ

Phenomenon of Industrial melanism demonstrates

a

geographical isolation

b

reproductive isolation

c

natural selection

d

induced mutation.

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Q47

PYQ

Evolution of different species in a given area starting from a point and spreading to other geographical areas is known as

a

adaptive radiation

b

natural selection

c

migration

d

divergent evolution

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Q48

PYQ

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the origin of life?

I. Formation of protobionts

II. Synthesis of organic monomers

III. Synthesis of organic polymers

IV. Formation of DNA-based genetic systems

a

I, II, III, IV

b

I, III, II, IV

c

II, III, I, IV

d

II, III, IV, I

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Q49

PYQ

Which of the following is closest relative of man?

a

Chimpanzee

b

Gorilla

c

Orangutan

d

Gibbon

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Q50

PYQ

Artificial selection to obtain cows yielding higher milk output represents

a

directional as it pushes the mean of the character in one direction

b

disruptive as it splits the population into two, one yielding higher output and the other lower output

c

stabilising followed by disruptive as it stabilises the population to produce higher yielding cows

d

stabilising selection as it stabilises this character in the population

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Q51

PYQ

Which one of the following options gives one correct example of convergent evolution and divergent evolution?

a

Convergent evolution- Eyes of octopus and mammals

Divergent evolution- Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates

b

Convergent evolution- Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita

Divergent evolution- Wings of butterflies and bird

c

Convergent evolution- Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates

Divergent evolution- Wings of butterfly and birds

d

Convergent evolution- Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita

Divergent evolution- Eyes of octopus and mammals

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Q52

PYQ

From his experiments, S.L. Miller produced amino acids by mixing the following in a closed flask:

a

\(\mathrm{CH}_3, \mathrm{H}_2, \mathrm{NH}_4\) and water vapour at \(800^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)

b

\(\mathrm{CH}_4, \mathrm{H}_2, \mathrm{NH}_3\) and water vapour at \(600^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)

c

\(\mathrm{CH}_3, \mathrm{H}_2, \mathrm{NH}_3\) and water vapour at \(600^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)

d

\(\mathrm{CH}_4, \mathrm{H}_2, \mathrm{NH}_3\) and water vapour at \(800^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)

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Q53

PYQ

A hominid fossil discovered in Java in 1891, now extinct, having cranial capacity of about 900 cc was:

[Re-NEET 2020]

a

Neanderthal man.

b

Homo sapiens.

c

Australopithecus.

d

Homo erectus.

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Q54

PYQ

The homologous organs are those that show similarity in

a

appearance

b

function

c

origin

d

size

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