Cell: The Unit of Life

Q1 FREE PREVIEW

PYQ

Which is correct about cell theory in view of current status of our knowledge about cell structure?

aIt needs modification due to discovery of sub-cellular structures like chloroplasts and mitochondria

bModified cell theory means that all living being are composed of cells capable of reproducing

cCell theory does not hold good because all living beings (e.g., viruses) do not have cellular organisation

dCell theory means that all living objects consists of cells whether or not capable of reproducing

✓ Correct answer: c) Cell theory does not hold good because all living beings (e.g., viruses) do not have cellular organisation

ExplanationThe correct statement regarding cell theory, given our current knowledge, is: "Cell theory does not hold good because all living beings do not have cellular organization, e.g., viruses".Key points about cell theory: All living organisms are composed of cells.Cells are the basic unit of life.New cells come from pre-existing cells.Viruses are not considered living cells because they lack cellular organization and replicate inside host cells.

Q2 FREE PREVIEW

PYQ

Which of the following occurs more than two and less than five in a chromosome?

aChromatid

bChromomere

cCentromere

dTelomere

✓ Correct answer: d) Telomere

ExplanationA. Chromatid A replicated chromosome has two chromatids → not more than two.B. Chromomere Chromomeres are present in large numbers (many) → usually more than five.C. Centromere A chromosome has only one centromere.D. Telomere Each chromatid has two telomeres.A chromosome has two chromatids, so total 4 telomeres, which is more than two and less than five.Correct answer: D — Telomere

Q3 FREE PREVIEW

PYQ

The plasma membrane consists of:

aProteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer

bProtein embedded in a polymer of glucose molecules

cProteins embedded in a carbohydrate bilayer

dPhospholipids embedded in a protein bilayer.

✓ Correct answer: a) Proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer

ExplanationProteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer.Cell membrane is mainly composed of lipids and proteins.The major lipids are phospholipids that are arranged in a bilayer.

Q4 FREE PREVIEW

PYQ

Which of the following statement is not correct? [NEET 2019]

aLysosomes have numerous hydrolytic enzymes.

bThe hydrolytic enzymes of lysosomes are active under acidic pH.

cLysosomes are membrane bound structures.

dLysosomes are formed by the process of packaging in the endoplasmic reticulum.

✓ Correct answer: d) Lysosomes are formed by the process of packaging in the endoplasmic reticulum.

ExplanationA. Lysosomes have numerous hydrolytic enzymes — Correct They contain digestive enzymes like proteases, lipases, nucleases.B. Hydrolytic enzymes are active under acidic pH — Correct Lysosomes maintain an acidic environment (~pH 4.5–5) for enzyme activity.C. Lysosomes are membrane-bound structures — Correct They are single-membrane organelles.D. Lysosomes are formed by packaging in the endoplasmic reticulum — Incorrect Lysosomes are formed from the Golgi apparatus, not directly from the ER.Enzymes are synthesized in RER but packaging into lysosomes happens in Golgi.Correct answer: D

Q5

PYQ

The biosynthesis of ribosomal RNA occurs in: [Re-NEET 2020]

aribosomes

bgolgi apparatus

cmicrobodies

dnucleolus

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Q6

PYQ

Which of the following is an incorrect statement? [NEET 2021]

aMicrobodies are present both in plant and animal cells.

bThe perinuclear space forms a barrier between the materials present inside the nucleus and that of the cytoplasm.

cNuclear pores act as passages for proteins and RNA molecules in both directions between nucleus and cytoplasm.

dMature sieve tube elements possess a conspicuous nucleus and usual cytoplasmic organelles.

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Q7

PYQ

Which of the following functions is carried out by cytoskeleton in a cell ? [NEET 2023]

aProtein synthesis

bMotility

cTransportation

dNuclear division

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Q8

PYQ

Given below are two statements : Statement I: Mitochondria and chloroplasts are both double membrane bound organelles. Statement II: Inner membrane of mitochondria is relatively less permeable, as compared to chloroplast. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below : [NEET 2024]

aStatement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.

bBoth Statement I and Statement II are correct.

cBoth Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.

dStatement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.

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Q9

PYQ

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum ________.

[Re-NEET 2026]

a

has ribosomes attached to its surface

b

is the major site for the synthesis of lipids

c

is actively involved in protein synthesis

d

is a site for the synthesis of carbohydrates

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Q10

PYQ

Which of the following are characteristics of prokaryotic cells?

(a) Ribosomes are made of 50S and 30S subunits

(b) They can have plasmids

(c) They contain mesosome

(d) They have peroxisomes

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

[Re-NEET 2026]

a

(b) and (c) only

b

(a) and (c) only

c

(a), (c) and (d) only

d

(a), (b) and (c) only

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Q11

PYQ

From the statements given below choose the correct option:
A. The eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S and prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S.
B. Each ribosome has two sub-units.

C. The two sub-units of 80S ribosome are 60S and 40S while that of 70S are 50S and 30S.
D. The two sub-units of 80S ribosome are 60S and 20S and that of 70S are 50S and 20S.
E. The two sub-units of 80S are 60S and 30S and that of 70S are 50S and 30S.

[NEET 2025]

a

A, B, E are true

b

B, D, E are true

c

А, B, С are true

d

A, B, D are true

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Q12

PYQ

The DNA present in chloroplast is:

[NEET 2024]

a

Circular, single stranded

b

Linear, double stranded

c

Circular, double stranded

d

Linear, single stranded

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Q13

PYQ

The DNA present in chloroplast is:

[NEET 2024]

a

Circular, single stranded

b

Linear, double stranded

c

Circular, double stranded

d

Linear, single stranded

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Q14

PYQ

Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : The primary function of the Golgi apparatus is to package the materials made by the endoplasmic reticulum and deliver it to intracellular targets and outside the cell.
Reason (R): Vesicles containing materials made by the endoplasmic reticulum fuse with the cis face of the Golgi apparatus, and they are modified and released from the trans face of the Golgi apparatus.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

[NEET 2025]

a

A is true but R is false

b

A is false but R is true

c

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

d

Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A

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Q15

PYQ

Mitochondrial inner membrane encloses:

[Re-NEET 2026]

a

matrix

b

cytosol

c

mucus

d

aqueous humor

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Q16

PYQ

Given below are two statements :
Statement I : Concentrically arranged cisternae of Golgi complex are arranged near the nucleus with distinct convex cis or maturing and concave trans or forming face.
Statement II : A number of proteins are modified in the cisternae of Golgi complex before they are released from cis face.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.

[Re-NEET 2024]

a

Statement I is true but Statement II is false.

b

Statement I is false but Statement II is true.

c

Both Statement I and Statement II are true.

d

Both Statement I and Statement II are false.

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Q17

PYQ

Given below are two statements :
Statement I: Mitochondria and chloroplasts are both double membrane bound organelles.
Statement II: Inner membrane of mitochondria is relatively less permeable, as compared to chloroplast.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

[NEET 2024]

a

Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.

b

Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.

c

Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.

d

Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.

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Q18

PYQ

Match List-I with List-II.

LIST I	LIST II
A) \({\mathrm{F}}_{1}\) Particles	I) Chromosomes
B) Histones	II) Cilia
C) Axoneme	III) Golgi apparatus
D) Cisternae	IV) Mitochondria

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

[Re-NEET 2024]

a

A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III

b

A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

c

A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II

d

A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II

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Q19

PYQ

The plastid that stores xanthophyll is known as ____.

[Re-NEET 2026]

a

chloroplast

b

chromoplast

c

aleuroplast

d

amyloplast

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Q20

PYQ

Non-membrane-bound cell organelles found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are____ .

[NEET 2026]

a

Centrosomes

b

Ribosomes

c

Lysosomes

d

Mitochondria

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Q21

PYQ

Which one of the following is the site for active ribosomal RNA synthesis ?

[NEET 2026]

a

Nucleolus

b

Chromatin

c

Centrosome

d

Kinetochore

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Q22

PYQ

A specialised membranous structure in a prokaryotic cell which helps in cell wall formation, DNA replication and respiration is:

[NEET 2025]

a

Cristae

b

Endoplasmic Reticulum

c

Mesosome

d

Chromatophores

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Q23

PYQ

Mesosome in a cell is a :

[Re-NEET 2024]

a

membrane bound vesicular structure.

b

chain of many ribosomes attached to a single mRNA.

c

special structure formed by extension of plasma membrane.

d

medium sized chromosome.

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Q24

PYQ

Select the correct statements regarding cell membrane in eukaryotic cell.
A. Membrane of human RBCs has approximately 52% protein.
B. Major phospholipids are arranged in a bilayer.
C. Extensions of the plasma membrane into the cell form mesosomes
D. Tails towards the inner part of lipids are hydrophobic and thus protected from aqueous medium.
E. Glycocalyx is present on the outer surface of the plasma membrane.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

[NEET 2026]

a

A, C and E only

b

B, C and E only

c

C, D and E only

d

A, B and D only

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Q25

PYQ

Choose the correct statements regarding cell organelles and their inclusions.
A. The endomembrane system includes Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria.
B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum bears ribosomes on its surface.
C. Both mitochondria and plastids have circular DNA.
D. A network of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments present in the cytoplasm is called cytoskeleton.
E. Mitochondrion is a single membrane-bound structure.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

[NEET 2026]

a

C, D and E only

b

A and B only

c

A, B and C only

d

B, C and D only

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Q26

PYQ

Endomembrane system includes:

[Re-NEET 2026]

a

endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes and vacuole

b

endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast, peroxisomes and vacuole

c

mitochondria, chloroplast, peroxisomes and vacuole

d

Golgi complex, chloroplast, peroxisomes and vacuole

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Q27

PYQ

Mesosome in a cell is a :

[Re-NEET 2024]

a

membrane bound vesicular structure.

b

chain of many ribosomes attached to a single mRNA.

c

special structure formed by extension of plasma membrane.

d

medium sized chromosome.

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Q28

PYQ

Which one of the following statements refers to Reductionist Biology?

[NEET 2025]

a

Chemical approach to study and understand living organisms.

b

Behavioural approach to study and understand living organisms.

c

Physico-chemical approach to study and understand living organisms.

d

Physiological approach to study and understand living organisms.

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Q29

PYQ

Which of the following statements about inclusion bodies is incorrect?

a

These are involved in ingestion of food particles.

b

They lie free in the cytoplasm.

c

These represent reserve material in cytoplasm.

d

They are not bound by any membrane.

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Q30

PYQ

Which of the following statements about inclusion bodies is incorrect?

[NEET 2020]

a

These are involved in ingestion of food particles.

b

They lie free in the cytoplasm.

c

These represent reserve material in cytoplasm.

d

They are not bound by any membrane.

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Q31

PYQ

Which is the important site of formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids in eukaryotic cells?

[NEET 2020]

a

Endoplasmic reticulum

b

Peroxisomes

c

Golgi bodies

d

Polysomes

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Q32

PYQ

Which of the following are NOT considered as the part of endomembrane system?
A. Mitochondria
B. Endoplasmic Reticulum
C. Chloroplasts
D. Golgi complex
E. Peroxisomes

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

[NEET 2023]

a

A, C and E only

b

A and D only

c

A, D and E only

d

B and D only

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Q33

PYQ

The solid linear cytoskeleton elements having a diameter of 6 nm and made up of a single type of monomer are known as:

a

Lamins

b

Microtubules

c

Microfilaments

d

Intermediate filaments

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Q34

PYQ

When the centromere is situated in the middle of two equal arms of chromosomes, the chromosome is referred as:

[NEET 2021]

a

Telocentric

b

Sub metacentric

c

Acrocentric

d

Metacentric

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Q35

PYQ

Inclusion bodies of blue-green. purple and green photosynthetic bacteria are:

a

contractile vacuoles

b

gas vacuoles

c

centrioles

d

microtubules

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Q36

PYQ

The size of Pleuropneumonia-like Organism (PPLO) is

[Re-NEET 2020]

a

\(1-2\mu \mathrm{m}\)

b

\(10-20\mu \mathrm{m}\)

c

\(0.1\mu \mathrm{m}\)

d

\(0.02\mu \mathrm{m}\)

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Q37

PYQ

Inclusion bodies of blue-green, purple and green photosynthetic bacteria are

[Re-NEET 2020]

a

contractile vacuoles

b

gas vacuoles

c

centrioles

d

microtubules

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Q38

PYQ

Which of the following statements about inclusion bodies is incorrect?

a

These are involved in ingestion of food particles.

b

They lie free in the cytoplasm

c

These represent reserve material in cytoplasm

d

They are not bound by any membrane

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Q39

PYQ

Which of the following are NOT considered as the part of endomembrane system?

A. Mitochondria

B. Endoplasmic Reticulum

C. Chloroplasts

D. Golgi complex

E. Peroxisomes

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

a

A, C and E only

b

A and D only

c

A, D and E only

d

B and D only

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Q40

PYQ

The organelles that are included in the endomembrane system are

[NEET 2021]

a

Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, Lysosomes and Vacuoles.

b

Golgi complex, Mitochondria, Ribosomes and Lysosomes.

c

Golgi complex, Endoplasmic reticulum, Mitochondria and Lysosomes.

d

Endoplasmic reticulum, Mitochondria, Ribosomes and Lysosomes.

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