48 NEET Biology previous year questions on Breathing and Exchange of Gases — options free on every question; 5 include the answer & explanation free, the rest unlock with PYQ Pass.
Q1 FREE PREVIEW
PYQ
End products of aerobic respiration are
asugar and oxygen
bwater and energy
ccarbon dioxide, water and energy
dcarbon dioxide and energy
✓ Correct answer: c) carbon dioxide, water and energy
ExplanationCorrect Answer: C – Carbon dioxide, water and energy In aerobic respiration, one molecule of glucose is completely oxidized in the presence of oxygen to produce: Carbon dioxide (CO₂) – released as a waste product Water (H₂O) – formed during oxidative phosphorylation Energy (ATP) – used by the cell for various functions Hence, the end products of aerobic respiration are carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
Q2 FREE PREVIEW
PYQ
Blood analysis of a patient reveals an unusually high quantity of carboxy- haemoglobin content. Which of the following conclusions is most likely to be correct? The patient has been inhaling polluted air containing unusually high content of:
aChloroform
bCarbon dioxide
cCarbon monoxide
dCarbon disulphide
✓ Correct answer: c) Carbon monoxide
ExplanationCarboxyhaemoglobin is a stable complex of carbon monoxide and haemoglobin that forms in RBCs upon contact with carbon monoxide.It has a greater affinity for haemoglobin than oxygen does.
Q3 FREE PREVIEW
PYQ
Listed below are four respiratory capacities (i- iv) and four jumbled respiratory volumes of a normal human adult. Respiratory capacities Respiratory volumes (i) Residual volume (ii) Vital capacity (iii) Inspiratory reserve volume (iv) Inspiratory capacity Which one of the following is the correct matching of two capacities and volumes?
a(ii) , (iii)
b(iii) , (iv)
c(iv) , (i)
d(i) , (ii)
✓ Correct answer: c) (iv) , (i)
Explanation1. (i) Residual Volume (RV): The air remaining in lungs after forcible expiration.Standard Value: 1100 mL – 1200 mL.2. (ii) Vital Capacity (VC): The maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration (ERV + TV + IRV).Standard Value: 4000 mL – 4600 mL (Matches 4500 mL in the list).3. (iii) Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV): Additional volume of air a person can inspire by a forcible inspiration.Standard Value: 2500 mL – 3000 mL (Matches 2500 mL in the list).4. (iv) Inspiratory Capacity (IC): Total volume of air a person can inspire after a normal expiration (TV + IRV). | | NEET Standard Value: 3000 mL – 3500 mL (Matches 3500 mL in the list).
Q4 FREE PREVIEW
PYQ
The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli of the lungs is:
aequal to that in the blood
bmore than that in the blood
cless than that in the blood
dless than that of carbon dioxide
✓ Correct answer: b) more than that in the blood
ExplanationThe partial pressure of oxygen (pO₂) in the alveoli of the lungs is higher than in the deoxygenated blood arriving via pulmonary arteries.In alveoli, pO₂ is around 104 mmHg, while in deoxygenated blood it is about 40 mmHg.This difference allows oxygen to diffuse from alveoli into the blood.Carbon dioxide moves in the opposite direction due to its higher partial pressure in blood.This gas exchange maintains proper oxygenation of blood for delivery to body tissues.
Q5 FREE PREVIEW
PYQ
Reduction in of blood will
aReduce the blood supply to the brain
bDecrease the affinity of haemoglobin with oxygen
cRelease bicarbonate ions by the liver
dReduce the rate of heartbeat
✓ Correct answer: b) Decrease the affinity of haemoglobin with oxygen
ExplanationA reduction in blood pH (increased acidity) decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.This is explained by Bohr’s effect, where an increase in H⁺ ions (lower pH) causes hemoglobin to release more oxygen, facilitating oxygen delivery to tissues.This mechanism is particularly important during high metabolic activity when carbon dioxide production increases, lowering pH.Hence, the correct answer is option B.
Q6
PYQ
Name the chronic respiratory disorder caused mainly by cigarette smoking:
aEmphysema
bAsthma
cRespiratory acidosis
dRespiratory alkalosis
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Q7
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Lungs do not collapse between breaths and some air always remains in the lungs which can never be expelled because
athere is a negative pressure in the lungs
bthere is a negative intrapleural pressure pulling at the lung walls
cthere is a positive intrapleural pressure
dpressure in the lungs is higher than the atmospheric pressure.
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Q8
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Lungs are made up of air-filled sacs the alveoli. They do not collapse even after forceful expiration, because of:
aResidual Volume
bInspiratory Reserve Volume
cTidal Volume
dExpiratory Reserve Volume
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Q9
PYQ
Tidal volume and expiratory reserve volume of an athlete is 500mL and 1000mL respectively. What will be his expiratory capacity if the residual volume is 1200mL?
a2200 mL
b2700 mL
c1500 mL
d1700 mL
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Q10
PYQ
Select the correct events that occur during inspiration. (1) Contraction of diaphragm (2) Contraction of external inter-costal muscles (3) Pulmonary volume decreases (4) Intra pulmonary pressure increases [NEET 2020]
a(1) and (2)
b(3) and (4)
c(1), (2) and (4)
dOnly (4)
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Q11
PYQ
Select the favourable conditions required for the formation of oxyhaemoglobin at the alveoli.
aLow , high , more , higher temperature
bHigh , high , less , higher temperature
cLow , low , more , higher temperature
dHigh , low , less , lower temperature
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Q12
PYQ
Which of the following is not the function of conducting part of respiratory system ? [NEET 2022]
aInhaled air is humidified
bTemperature of inhaled air is brought to body temperature
cProvides surface for diffusion of and
dIt clears inhaled air from foreign particles
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Q13
PYQ
Bulk of carbon dioxide ( ) released from body tissues into the blood is present as:
a70% carbamino-haemoglobin and 30% as bicarbonate
bCarbamino-haemoglobin in RBCs
cBicarbonate in blood plasma and RBCs
dFree in blood plasma
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Q14
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The Total Lung Capacity (TLC) is the total volume of air accommodated in the lungs at the end of a forced inspiration. This includes:
aRV; ERV; IC and EC
bRV; ERV; VC (Vital Capacity) and FRC (Functional Residual Capacity)
cRV (Residual volume); ERV (Expiratory Reserve Volume); TV (Tidal Volume); and IRV (Inspiratory Reserve Volume)
dRV; IC (Inspiratory Capacity); EC (Expiratory Capacity); and ERV
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Q15
PYQ
Which of the following factors are favourable for the formation of oxyhaemoglobin in alveoli?
[NEET 2024]
a
Low \(pC{O}_{2}\) and High temperature
b
High \(p{O}_{2}\) and High \(pC{O}_{2}\)
c
High \(p{O}_{2}\) and Lesser \({H}^{+}\) concentration
d
Low \(pC{O}_{2}\) and High \({H}^{+}\) concentration
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Q16
PYQ
Match List-I with List-II :
List-I
List-II
A. Residual Volume
I. Maximum volume of air that can be breathed in after forced expiration
B. Vital Capacity
II. Volume of air inspired or expired during normal respiration
C. Expiratory Capacity
III. Volume of air remaining in lungs after forcible expiration
D. Tidal Volume
IV. Total volume of air expired after normal inspiration
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
[Re-NEET 2024]
a
A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
b
A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
c
A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
d
A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
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Q17
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Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A: During the transportation of gases, about 20-25 percent of \({\mathrm{CO}}_{2}\) is carried by Haemoglobin as carbamino-haemoglobin. Reason R : This binding is related to high \({\mathrm{pCO}}_{2}\) and low \({\mathrm{pO}}_{2}\) in tissues. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
[Re-NEET 2024]
a
A is true but R is false.
b
A is false but R is true.
c
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
d
Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
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Q18
PYQ
Which of the following factors are favourable for the formation of oxyhaemoglobin in alveoli?
[NEET 2024]
a
Low \(pC{O}_{2}\) and High temperature
b
High \(p{O}_{2}\) and High \(pC{O}_{2}\)
c
High \(p{O}_{2}\) and Lesser \({H}^{+}\) concentration
d
Low \(pC{O}_{2}\) and High \({H}^{+}\) concentration
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Q19
PYQ
Match List-I with List-II :
List-I
List-II
A. Residual Volume
I. Maximum volume of air that can be breathed in after forced expiration
B. Vital Capacity
II. Volume of air inspired or expired during normal respiration
C. Expiratory Capacity
III. Volume of air remaining in lungs after forcible expiration
D. Tidal Volume
IV. Total volume of air expired after normal inspiration
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
[Re-NEET 2024]
a
A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
b
A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
c
A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
d
A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
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Q20
PYQ
In humans, respiration occurs in the following steps. Arrange these steps in the correct order. A. Diffusion of \({\mathrm{O}}_{2}\) and \({\mathrm{CO}}_{2}\) between blood and tissues B. Diffusion of \({\mathrm{O}}_{2}\) and \({\mathrm{CO}}_{2}\) across alveolar membrane C. Pulmonary ventilation by which atmospheric air is drawn in and \({\mathrm{CO}}_{2}\) rich alveolar air is released out D. Cellular respiration E. Transport of gases by the blood
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
[NEET 2026]
a
A, B, C, D, E
b
E, A, C, D, B
c
C, A, B, E, D
d
C, B, E, A, D
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Q21
PYQ
Match List I with List II :
List I
List II
A. Molluscs
I. Pulmonary respiration only
B. Reptiles
II. Branchial respiration
C. Adult amphibians
III. Cellular respiration
D. Amoeba
IV. Pulmonary and cutaneous respiration
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
[NEET 2026]
a
A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
b
A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
c
A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
d
A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
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Q22
PYQ
Match List I with List II :
List I
(Respiratory Volume)
List II
(Capacity in mL)
A. ERV (Expiratory Reserve Volume)
I. 2500 - 3000 mL
B. RV (Residual Volume)
II. 500 mL
C. IRV (Inspiratory Reserve Volume)
III. 1000 - 1100 mL
D. TV (Tidal Volume)
IV. 1100 - 1200 mL
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
a
A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
b
A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
c
A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
d
A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
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Q23
PYQ
Tidal volume and expiratory reserve volume of an athlete is \( 500 \mathrm{~mL} \) and \( 1000 \mathrm{~mL} \) respectively. What will be his expiratory capacity if the residual volume is \( 1200 \mathrm{~mL} \) ?
a
\( 2700 \mathrm{~mL} \)
b
\( 1500 \mathrm{~mL} \)
c
\( 1700 \mathrm{~mL} \)
d
\( 2200 \mathrm{~mL} \)
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Q24
PYQ
Match the following columns and select the correct option
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Q25
PYQ
Name the pulmonary disease in which alveolar surface area involved in gas exchange is drastically reduced due to damage in the alveolar walls.
a
Pneumonia
b
Asthma
c
Pleurisy
d
Emphysema
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Q26
PYQ
Select the correct events that occur during inspiration 1. Contraction of diaphragm 2. Contraction of extemal inter-costal muscles 3. Pulmonary volume decreases 4. Intra pulmonary pressure increases
a
(3) and (4)
b
(1), (2) and (4)
c
Only (4)
d
(1) and (2)
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Q27
PYQ
What is true about RBCs in humans?
a
They carry about 20-25 percent of \( \mathrm{CO}_{2} \).
b
They transport \( 99.5 \) percent of \( \mathrm{O}_{2} \).
c
They transport about 80 percent oxygen only and the rest 20 percent of it is transported in dissolved state in blood plasma.
d
They do not carry \( \mathrm{CO}_{2} \) at all.
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Q28
PYQ
Identify the wrong statement with reference to transport of oxygen.
a
Partial pressure of \(CO _2\) can interfere with \(O _2\) binding with haemoglobin.
b
Higher \(H ^{+}\)conc. in alveoli favours the formation of oxyhaemoglobin.
c
Low \(pCO _2\) in alveoli favours the formation of oxyhaemoglobin.
d
Binding of oxygen with haemoglobin is mainly related to partial pressure of \(O _2\).
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Q29
PYQ
Identify the incorrect statement with reference to transport of oxygen;
a
Partial pressure of \(CO _2\) can interfere with \(O _2\) binding with haemoglobin.
b
Higher \(H ^{+}\)conc. in alveoli favours the formation of oxyhaemoglobin.
c
Low \(pCO _2\) in alveoli favours the formation of oxyhaemoglobin.
d
Binding of oxygen with haemoglobin is mainly related to partial pressure of \(O _2\).
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Q30
PYQ
Select the favourable conditions required for the formation of oxyhaemoglobin at the alveoli.
[NEET 2021]
a
Low \({\mathrm{pO}}_{2}\), high pCO2, more\({\mathrm{H}}^{+}\), higher temperature
b
High \({\mathrm{pO}}_{2}\), high \({\mathrm{pCO}}_{2}\), less \({\mathrm{H}}^{+}\), higher temperature
c
Low \({\mathrm{pO}}_{2}\), low \({\mathrm{pCO}}_{2}\), more \({\mathrm{H}}^{+}\), higher temperature
d
High \({\mathrm{pO}}_{2}\), low \({\mathrm{pCO}}_{2}\), less \({\mathrm{H}}^{+}\), lower temperature
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Q31
PYQ
Which one of the following is the correct statement for respiration in humans?
a
Cigarette smoking may lead to inflammation of bronchi.
b
Neural signals from pneumotoxic centre in pons region of brain can increase the duration of inspiration.
c
Workers in grinding and stone-breaking industries may suffer from lung fibrosis.
d
About \( 90 \% \) of carbon dioxide \( \left(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\right) \) is carried by haemoglobin as carbamino-haemoglobin.
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Q32
PYQ
Select the correct events that occur during inspiration.
(1) Contraction of diaphragm
(2) Contraction of external inter-costal muscles
(3) Pulmonary volume decreases
(4) Intra pulmonary pressure increases
a
(1) and (2)
b
(3) and (4)
c
(1), (2) and (4)
d
Only (4)
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Q33
PYQ
Select the sequence of steps in respiration. (A) Diffusion of gases \(\left( O _2\right.\) and \(\left.CO _2\right)\) across alveolar membrane. (B) Diffusion of \(O _2\) and \(CO _2\) between blood and tissues. (C) Transport of gases by the blood (D) Pulmonary ventilation by which atmospheric air is drawn in and \(CO _2\) rich alveolar air is released out. (E) Utilisation of \(O _2\) by the cells for catabolic reactions are resultant release of \(CO _2\)
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
a
(D), (A), (C), (B), (E)
b
(C), (B), (A), (E), (D)
c
(B), (C), (E), (D), (A)
d
(A), (C), (B), (E), (D)
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Q34
PYQ
Vital capacity of lung is______.
a
IRV + ERV + TV
b
IRV + ERV
c
IRV + ERV + TV + RV
d
IRV + ERV + TV – RV
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Q35
PYQ
The Total Lung Capacity (TLC) is the total volume of air accomodated in the lungs at the end of a forced inspiration. This includes:
[Re-NEET 2020]
a
RV; ERV; IC and EC
b
RV; ERV; VC (Vital Capacity) and FRC (Functional Residual Capacity)
c
RV (Residual volume); ERV (Expiratory Reserve Volume); TV (Tidal Volume); and IRV (Inspiratory Reserve Volume)
d
RV; IC (Inspiratory Capacity); EC (Expiratory Capacity); and ERV
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Q36
PYQ
Identify the wrong statement with reference to transport of oxygen.
[NEET 2020]
a
Binding of oxygen with haemoglobin is mainly related to partial pressure of \( \mathrm{O}_{2} \).
b
Partial pressure of \( \mathrm{CO}_{2} \) can interfere with \( \mathrm{O}_{2} \) binding with haemoglobin.
c
Higher \( \mathrm{H}^{+} \)conc. in alveoli favours the formation of oxyhaemoglobin.
d
Low \( \mathrm{pCO}_{2} \) in alveoli favours the formation of oxyhaemoglobin.
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Q37
PYQ
The Total Lung Capacity (TLC) is the total volume of air accommodated in the lungs at the end of a forced inspiration. This includes:
[Re-NEET 2020]
a
RV; ERV; IC and EC
b
RV; ERV; VC (Vital Capacity) and FRC (Functional Residual Capacity)
c
RV (Residual volume); ERV (Expiratory Reserve Volume); TV (Tidal Volume); and IRV (Inspiratory Reserve Volume)
d
RV; IC (Inspiratory Capacity); EC (Expiratory Capacity); and ERV
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Q38
PYQ
The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli of the lungs is
a
equal to that in the blood
b
more than that in the blood
c
less than that in the blood
d
less than that of carbon dioxide
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Q39
PYQ
When \( \mathrm{CO}_{2} \) concentration in blood increases breathing becomes
a
shallower and slow
b
there is no effect on breathing
c
slow and deep
d
faster and deeper.
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Q40
PYQ
Select the sequence of steps in Respiration. A. Diffusion of gases \(\left( O _2\right.\) and \(\left.CO _2\right)\) across alveolar membrane. B. Diffusion of \(O _2\) and \(CO _2\) between blood and tissues. C. Transport of gases by the blood. D. Pulmonary ventilation by which atmospheric air is drawn in and \(CO _2\) rich alveolar air is released out. E. Utilisation of \(O _2\) by the cells for catabolic reactions and resultant release of \(CO _2\). Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
a
(D), (A), (C), (B), (E)
b
(C), (B), (A), (E), (D)
c
(B), (C), (E), (D), (A)
d
(A), (C), (B), (E), (D)
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Q41
PYQ
The partial pressures (in \( \mathrm{mm} \mathrm{Hg} \) ) of oxygen \( \left(\mathrm{O}_{2}\right) \) and carbon dioxide \( \left(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\right) \) at alveoli (the site of diffusion) are
[NEET 2021]
a
O2=159 and CO2=0.3
b
O2 = 104 and CO2=40
c
O2 =40 and CO2=45
d
O2 =95 and CO2=40
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Q42
PYQ
The partial pressures (in mm Hg) of oxygen \(\left( O _2\right)\) and carbon dioxide \(\left( CO _2\right)\) at alveoli (the site of diffusion) are:
a
\(pO _2=40\) and \(pCO _2=45\)
b
\(pO _2=95\) and \(pCO _2=40\)
c
\(pO _2=159\) and \(pCO _2=0.3\)
d
\(pO _2=104\) and \(pCO _2=40\)
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Q43
PYQ
When you hold your breath, which of the following gas changes in blood would first lead to the urge to breathe?
a
Falling \( \mathrm{CO}_{2} \) concentration
b
Rising \( \mathrm{CO}_{2} \) and falling \( \mathrm{O}_{2} \) concentration
c
Falling \( \mathrm{O}_{2} \) concentration
d
Rising \( \mathrm{CO}_{2} \) concentration
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Q44
PYQ
The partial pressures (in \(mm Hg\) ) of oxygen \(\left( O _2\right)\) and carbon dioxide \(\left( CO _2\right)\) at alveoli (the site of diffusion) are;
a
\(pO _2=40\) and \(pCO _2=45\)
b
\(pO _2=95\) and \(pCO _2=40\)
c
\(pO _2=159\) and \(pCO _2=0.3\)
d
\(pO _2=104\) and \(pCO _2=40\)
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Q45
PYQ
Total lung capacity (TLC) is the total volume of air accommodated in the lungs at the end of a forced inspiration. This includes;
a
RV, ERV, IC and EC
b
RV, ERV, VC and FRC
c
RV, ERV, TV and IRV
d
RV, IC, EC and ERV
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Q46
PYQ
Vital capacity of lung is______ .
[NEET 2023]
a
IRV + ERV + TV + RV
b
IRV + ERV + TV - RV
c
IRV + ERV + TV
d
IRV + ERV
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Q47
PYQ
Select the correct events that occur during inspiration; 1. Contraction of diaphragm 2. Contraction of external inter-costal muscles 3. Pulmonary volume decreases 4. Intra pulmonary pressure increases
a
3 and 4
b
1,2 and 4
c
Only 4
d
1 and 2
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Q48
PYQ
The respiratory centre which regulates respiration is located in
a
cerebellum
b
medulla oblongata
c
cerebral peduncle
d
the vagus nerve.
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