50 NEET Biology previous year questions on Biotechnology and its Applications — options free on every question; 5 include the answer & explanation free, the rest unlock with PYQ Pass.
Q1 FREE PREVIEW
PYQ
The process of RNA interference (RNAi) has been used in the development of plants resistant to
anematodes
bfungi
cviruses
dinsects
✓ Correct answer: a) nematodes
ExplanationRNA interference (RNAi) has been employed to develop plants resistant to nematodes, parasitic worms causing plant diseases.Through RNAi, specific RNA molecules are introduced, silencing nematode genes crucial for their survival, providing an effective and environmentally friendly method for controlling nematode infestations in crops.
Q2 FREE PREVIEW
PYQ
The laws and rules to prevent unauthorised exploitation of bio-resources are termed as:
abioethics.
bbioengineering.
cbiopiracy.
dbiopatenting.
✓ Correct answer: d) biopatenting.
ExplanationThe laws and rules to prevent unauthorized exploitation of bio- resources are termed as biopatenting.Biopiracy is the term used to refer to the use of bio-resources by multinational companies and other organisations without proper authorisation from the countries and people concerned without compensatory payment. [New NCERT Class 12th Page No. 184, 185]
Q3 FREE PREVIEW
PYQ
Given below are two statements. Statement I : Bt toxins are insect group specific and coded by a gene cry IAc. Statement II : Bt toxin exists as inactive protoxin in B. thuringiensis. However, after ingestion by the insect the inactive protoxin gets converted into active form due to acidic pH of the insect gut. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below. [NEET 2024]
aStatement I is false but Statement II is true.
bBoth Statement I and Statement II are true.
cBoth Statement I and Statement II are false.
dStatement I is true but Statement II is false.
✓ Correct answer: d) Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
ExplanationStatement I is true because Bt toxins are insect group-specific and coded by the cry gene, such as cryIAc.Statement II is false because the inactive protoxin is converted to an active toxin due to the alkaline pH (not acidic) of the insect gut.
Q4 FREE PREVIEW
PYQ
Bacillus thuringiensis strains have been used for designing novel
aBiofertilizers
bBio-metallurgical techniques
cBio-mineralization processes
dBioinsecticidal plants
✓ Correct answer: d) Bioinsecticidal plants
ExplanationThe correct answer is: D. bioinsecticidal plants Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces a Cry protein (crystal protein) that is toxic to certain insect pests.Genes coding for this protein (Cry genes) have been inserted into crops like cotton, maize, and brinjal to make them resistant to insect pests.Such crops are called bioinsecticidal plants because they produce their own insecticide naturally.Other options (biofertilizers, bio- metallurgical, bio-mineralization) are not related to Bt.
Q5 FREE PREVIEW
PYQ
Golden rice is a promising transgenic crop. When released for cultivation, it will help in
aProducing a petrol-like fuel from rice
bAlleviation of vitamin A deficiency
cPest resistance
dHerbicide tolerance
✓ Correct answer: b) Alleviation of vitamin A deficiency
ExplanationThe correct answer is: B. alleviation of vitamin A deficiency Golden rice is a transgenic rice engineered to produce β-carotene, which is a precursor of vitamin A. Its cultivation helps combat vitamin A deficiency, especially in populations where rice is the staple food.It is not meant for fuel production, pest resistance, or herbicide tolerance.
Q6
PYQ
Cry I endotoxins obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis are effective against
aNematodes
bBollworms
cMosquitoes
dFlies
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Q7
PYQ
A transgenic food crop which may help in solving the problem of night blindness in developing countries is
aBt soybean
bGolden rice
cFlavr Savr tomatoes
dStarlink maize
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Q8
PYQ
The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis is widely used in contemporary biology as
aInsecticide
bAgent for production of dairy products
cSource of industrial enzyme
dIndicator of water pollution
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Q9
PYQ
Bacillus thuringiensis forms protein crystals which contain insecticidal protein. This protein
aBinds with epithelial cells of midgut of the insect pest ultimately killing it
bIs coded by several genes including the gene cry
cIs activated by acid of the foregut of the insect pest
dDoes not kill the carrier bacterium which is itself resistant to this toxin
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Q10
PYQ
Introduction of food plants developed by genetic engineering is not desirable because:
aEconomy of developing countries may suffer.
bThese products are less tasty as compared to the already existing products.
cThis method is costly.
dThere is danger of coming viruses, allergens and toxins with introduced crop.
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Q11
PYQ
Human insulin is being commercially produced from a transgenic species of
aRhizobium
bSaccharomyces
cEscherichia
dMycobacterium
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Q12
PYQ
The genetic defect-adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency may be cured permanently by
aadministering adenosine deaminase activators
bintroducing bone marrow cells producing (ADA) into cells at early embryonic stages
cenzyme replacement therapy
dperiodic infusion of genetically engineered lymphocytes having functional ADA cDNA
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Q13
PYQ
An improved variety of transgenic basmati rice
aDoes not require chemical fertilizers and growth hormones
bGives high yield and is rich in vitamin A
cIs completely resistant to all insect pests and diseases of paddy
dGives high yield but has no characteristic aroma
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Q14
PYQ
Which of the following features of genetic code does allow bacteria to produce human insulin by recombinant DNA technology?
aGenetic code is specific.
bGenetic code is not ambiguous.
cGenetic code is redundant.
dGenetic code is nearly universal.
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Q15
PYQ
Bt cotton variety that was developed by the introduction of toxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is resistant to
aInsect pests
bFungal diseases
cPlant nematodes
dInsect predators.
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Q16
PYQ
In gene therapy of Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) deficiency, the patient requires periodic infusion genetically engineered lymphocytes because:
aGenetically engineered lymphocytes are not immortal cells.
bRetroviral vector is introduced into these lymphocytes.
cGene isolated from marrow cells producing ADA is introduced into cells at embryonic stages
dLymphocytes from patient's blood are grown in culture, outside the body.
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Q17
PYQ
The inactive form of Bt toxin is converted to the active form in the insect gut ________.
[Re-NEET 2026]
a
due to alkaline pH
b
due to acidic pH
c
by proteases
d
by nucleases
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Q18
PYQ
The capacity to generate a whole plant from any cell of the plant is called:
[NEET 2024]
a
Somatic hybridization
b
Totipotency
c
Micropropagation
d
Differentiation
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Q19
PYQ
Following are the steps involved in action of toxin in Bt Cotton A. The inactive toxin is converted into active form due to alkaline pH of gut of insect. B. Bacillus thuringiensis produce crystals with toxic insecticidal proteins C. The alkaline pH solubilises the crystals. D. The activated toxin binds to the surface of midgut cells, creates pores and causes death of the insect. E. The toxin proteins exist as inactive protoxins in bacteria.
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Q20
PYQ
The capacity to generate a whole plant from any cell of the plant is called:
[NEET 2024]
a
Somatic hybridization
b
Totipotency
c
Micropropagation
d
Differentiation
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Q21
PYQ
The capacity to generate a whole plant from any cell of the plant is called:
[NEET 2024]
a
Somatic hybridization
b
Totipotency
c
Micropropagation
d
Differentiation
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Q22
PYQ
Arrange the following steps of somatic hybridisation in a correct sequence.
A. Digestion of cell walls.
B. Isolation of naked protoplasts.
C. Fusion of protoplasts to get a hybrid protoplast.
D. Isolation of single cells from two different varieties of plants.
E. Growing of hybrid protoplast to form a new plant.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
a
E, A, B, C, D
b
D, A, B, C, E
c
E, B, A, D, C
d
D, B, A, E, C
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Q23
PYQ
Given below are two statements : Statement I : The Indian Government has set up GEAC, which will make decisions regarding the validity of GM research. Statement II : Biopiracy is the term used to refer to the use of bio-resources by native people. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :
[Re-NEET 2024]
a
Statement I is true but Statement II is false
b
Statement I is false but Statement II is true
c
Both statement I and statement II are true
d
Both statement I and statement II are false
🔒
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Q24
PYQ
Which of the following genetically engineered organisms was used by Eli Lilly to prepare human insulin?
[NEET 2025]
a
Virus
b
Phage
c
Bacterium
d
Yeast
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Q25
PYQ
The toxin proteins isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis, coded by which of the following genes would control cotton bollworms and corn borer, respectively?
[NEET 2026]
a
cryIAc and cryIIIAb
b
cryIAc and cryIIAb
c
cryIAc and cryIAb
d
cryIIAb and cryIAc
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Q26
PYQ
Following are the steps involved in action of toxin in Bt Cotton A. The inactive toxin converted into active form due to alkalline pH of gut of insect. B. Bacillus thuringiensis produce crystals with toxic insecticidal proteins C. The alkaline pH solubilises the crystals. D. The activated toxin binds to the surface of midgut cells, creates pores and causes death of the insect. E. The toxin proteins exist as inactive protoxins in bacteria.
Choose the correct sequence of steps from the options given below :
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Q27
PYQ
The human protein named \(\alpha -1\)-antitrypsin, obtained from transgenic animals, is used for the treatment of ________ .
[NEET 2026]
a
Alzheimer's disease
b
Emphysema
c
Rheumatoid arthritis
d
Cystic fibrosis
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Q28
PYQ
Given below are two statements : Statement I: RNA interference takes place in all Eukaryotic organisms as method of cellular defense Statement II: RNAi involves the silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary single stranded RNA molecule that binds and prevents translation of mRNA In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
[Re-NEET 2024]
a
Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
b
Statement I is false but Statement II is true.
c
Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
d
Both Statement I and Statement II are false.
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Q29
PYQ
Silencing of specific mRNA is possible via RNAi because of -
a
Complementary tRNA
b
Non-complementary ssRNA
c
Complementary dsRNA
d
Inhibitory ssRNA
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Q30
PYQ
The \(Bt\) toxin in genetically engineered Bt cotton kills the pest by :
[Re-NEET 2024]
a
creating pores in the midgut.
b
damaging the respiratory system
c
degenerating the nervous system
d
altering the pH of body fluids.
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Q31
PYQ
Which of the following are fused in somatic hybridization involving two varieties of plants?
[NEET 2024]
a
Pollens
b
Callus
c
Somatic embryos
d
Protoplasts
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Q32
PYQ
Given below are two statements : Statement I : The Indian Government has set up GEAC, which will make decisions regarding the validity of GM research. Statement II : Biopiracy is the term used to refer to the use of bio-resources by native people. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :
[Re-NEET 2024]
a
Statement I is true but Statement II is false
b
Statement I is false but Statement II is true
c
Both statement I and statement II are true
d
Both statement I and statement II are false
🔒
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Q33
PYQ
Following are the steps involved in action of toxin in Bt Cotton A. The inactive toxin converted into active form due to alkalline pH of gut of insect. B. Bacillus thuringiensis produce crystals with toxic insecticidal proteins C. The alkaline pH solubilises the crystals. D. The activated toxin binds to the surface of midgut cells, creates pores and causes death of the insect. E. The toxin proteins exist as inactive protoxins in bacteria.
Choose the correct sequence of steps from the options given below :
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Q34
PYQ
Which of the following are fused in somatic hybridization involving two varieties of plants?
a
Pollens
b
Callus
c
Somatic embryos
d
Protoplasts
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Q35
PYQ
Given below are two statements.
Statement I : Bt toxins are insect group specific and coded by a gene cry IAc. Statement II : Bt toxin exists as inactive protoxin in B. thuringiensis. However, after ingestion by the insect the inactive protoxin gets converted into active form due to acidic pH of the insect gut. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
[NEET 2024]
a
Statement I is false but Statement II is true.
b
Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
c
Both Statement I and Statement II are false.
d
Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
🔒
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Q36
PYQ
The \(Bt\) toxin in genetically engineered Bt cotton kills the pest by :
[Re-NEET 2024]
a
creating pores in the midgut.
b
damaging the respiratory system
c
degenerating the nervous system
d
altering the pH of body fluids.
🔒
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Q37
PYQ
Given below are two statements : Statement I: Transfer RNAs and ribosomal RNA do not interact with mRNA. Statement II : RNA interference (RNAi) takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defence. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below
[NEET 2025]
a
Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
b
Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
c
Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
d
Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
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Q38
PYQ
RNA interference is used for which of the following purposes in the field of biotechnology?
[Re-NEET 2020]
a
To develop a pest resistant plant against infestation by nematode
b
To enhance the mineral usage by the plant
c
To reduce post harvest losses
d
To develop a plant tolerant to abiotic stresses
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Q39
PYQ
The laws and rules to prevent unauthorised exploitation of bio-resources are termed as-
[Re-NEET 2020]
a
Bioethics
b
Bioengineering
c
Biopiracy
d
Biopatenting
🔒
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Q40
PYQ
The Adenosine deaminase deficiency results into:
[NEET 2021]
a
Parkinson's disease
b
Digestive disorder
c
Addison's disease
d
Dysfunction of Immune system
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Q41
PYQ
Now a days it is possible to detect the mutated gene causing cancer by allowing radioactive probe to hybridise its complementary DNA in a clone of cells, followed by its detection using autoradiography because:
[NEET 2021]
a
mutated gene does not appear on photographic film as the probe has complementarity with it.
b
mutated gene partially appears on a photographic film.
c
mutated gene completely and clearly appears on a photographic film.
d
mutated gene does not appear on a photographic film as the probe has no complementarity with it.
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Q42
PYQ
When gene targeting involving gene amplification is attempted in an individuals tissue to treat disease, it is known as
[NEET 2021]
a
Gene therapy
b
Molecular diagnosis
c
Safety testing
d
Biopiracy
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Q43
PYQ
Bt cotton variety that was developed by the introduction of toxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is resistant to
[NEET 2020]
a
Fungal diseases
b
Plant nematodes
c
Insect predators
d
Insect pests
🔒
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Q44
PYQ
Which of the following is not an application of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?
[NEET 2021]
a
Gene amplification
b
Purification of isolated protein
c
Detection of gene mutation
d
Molecular diagnosis
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Q45
PYQ
When gene targetting involving gene amplification is attempted in an individuals tissue to treat disease, it is known as
[NEET 2021]
a
Gene therapy
b
Molecular diagnosis
c
Safety testing
d
Biopiracy
🔒
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Q46
PYQ
Which of the following statements is not correct?
[NEET 2020]
a
The proinsulin has an extra peptide called C-peptide
b
The functional insulin has A and B chains linked together by hydrogen bonds
c
Genetically engineered insulin is produced in E.coli.
d
In man insulin is synthesised as a proinsulin
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Q47
PYQ
For effective treatment of the disease, early diagnosis and understanding its pathophysiology is very important. Which of the following molecular diagnostic techniques is very useful for early detection?
[NEET 2021]
a
Southern Blotting Technique
b
ELISA Technique
c
Hybridization Technique
d
Western Blotting Technique
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Q48
PYQ
Which one of the following techniques does not serve the purpose of early diagnosis of a disease for its early treatment?
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Q49
PYQ
Given below are two statements : Statement I: RNA interference takes place in all Eukaryotic organisms as method of cellular defense Statement II: RNAi involves the silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary single stranded RNA molecule that binds and prevents translation of mRNA In the light of the above statements, choose the corret answer from the options given below.
a
Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
b
Statement I is false but Statement II is true.
c
Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
d
Both Statement I and Statement II are false.
🔒
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Q50
PYQ
Match the following columns and select the correct option.