Let \(\mathrm{A}=\left[\begin{array}{cc}\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & -2 \\ 0 & 1\end{array}\right]\) and \(\mathrm{P}=\l…
Let \(\mathrm{A}=\left[\begin{array}{cc}\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & -2 \\ 0 & 1\end{array}\right]\) and \(\mathrm{P}=\left[\begin{array}{cc}\cos \theta & -\sin \theta \\ \sin \theta & \cos \theta\end{array}\right], \theta>0\). If \(\mathrm{B}=\mathrm{PAP}^{\mathrm{T}}, \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{P}^{\mathrm{T}} \mathrm{B}^{10} \mathrm{P}\) and the sum of the diagonal elements of\(C\) is \(\frac{m}{n}\), where \(\operatorname{gcd}(m, n)=1\), then \(m+n\) is :
65
\(\mathrm{Given}:\mathrm{A}=\left[\begin{matrix}\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & -2 \\ 0 & 1\end{matrix}\right]\\ \text{and}P=\left[\begin{matrix}\cos \theta & -\sin \theta \\ \sin \theta & \cos \theta \end{matrix}\right]\\ \text{Clearly}{\mathrm{P}}^{\mathrm{T}}\mathrm{P}=\text{P}{\mathrm{P}}^{\mathrm{T}}=\text{I}\\ \mathrm{B}={\mathrm{PAP}}^{T}\\ \mathrm{Pre}\mathrm{multiply}\mathrm{by}{\mathrm{P}}^{\mathrm{T}}\\ {\mathrm{P}}^{\mathrm{T}}\mathrm{B}={\mathrm{P}}^{\mathrm{T}}{\mathrm{PAP}}^{\mathrm{T}}={\mathrm{AP}}^{\mathrm{T}}\\ \mathrm{Now}\mathrm{post}\mathrm{multiply}\mathrm{by}\mathrm{P}\\ {\mathrm{P}}^{\mathrm{T}}\mathrm{BP}={\mathrm{AP}}^{\mathrm{T}}\mathrm{P}=\mathrm{A}\\ So{\mathrm{A}}^{2}=\left({\mathrm{P}}^{\mathrm{T}}\mathrm{BP}\right)\left({P}^{\mathrm{T}}\mathrm{BP}\right)\\ {\mathrm{A}}^{2}={\mathrm{P}}^{\mathrm{T}}{\mathrm{B}}^{2}\mathrm{P}\\ \mathrm{Similarly}{\mathrm{A}}^{10}={\mathrm{P}}^{\mathrm{T}}{\mathrm{B}}^{10}\mathrm{P}=\mathrm{C}\\ \mathrm{A}=\left[\begin{matrix}\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & -2 \\ 0 & 1\end{matrix}\right]\\ \Rightarrow {\mathrm{A}}^{2}=\left[\begin{matrix}\frac{1}{2} & -\sqrt{2}-2 \\ 0 & 1\end{matrix}\right]\\ \mathrm{Similarly}\mathrm{check}{\mathrm{A}}^{3}\mathrm{and}\mathrm{so}\mathrm{on}\\ \mathrm{since}\mathrm{C}={\mathrm{A}}^{10}\\ \mathrm{Sum}\mathrm{of}\mathrm{diagonal}\mathrm{elements}\mathrm{of}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{is}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)}^{10}+1\\ =\frac{1}{32}+1=\frac{33}{32}=\frac{\mathrm{m}}{\mathrm{n}}\\ \mathrm{m}+\mathrm{n}=65\\\)
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