JEEPhysics

Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

64 JEE Physics previous year questions on Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance — options free on every question; 6 include the answer & explanation free, the rest unlock with PYQ Pass.

Q1 FREE PREVIEW
PYQ
The capacitance of a capacitor with charge and a potential difference depends on :
aboth and
bthe geometry of the capacitor
cq only
dV only
✓ Correct answer: b) the geometry of the capacitor
ExplanationThe capacitance of a capacitor depends on the geometry of the capaciitor, which includes the size and shape of the plates and the distance between them.The capacitance is independent of the charge (q) or potential difference (V)
Q2 FREE PREVIEW
PYQ

If the distance between two parallel plates of a capacitor is \(d\), \(A\) is the area of each plate, and \(E\) is the electric field, find the energy stored in the capacitor.

(Shift I - Memory Based)

a

\(\frac{1}{2}{E}^{2}A{ϵ}_{0}d\)

b

\(\frac{1}{4}{E}^{2}A{ϵ}_{0}d\)

c

\(\frac{3}{4}{E}^{2}A{ϵ}_{0}d\)

d

\({E}^{2}A{ϵ}_{0}d\)

✓ Correct answer: a)

\(\frac{1}{2}{E}^{2}A{ϵ}_{0}d\)

Explanation
  • The capacitance of the parallel plate capacitor is: \(C={ϵ}_{0}\frac{A}{d}\mathrm{.}\)
  • Energy stored in a capacitor: \(U=\frac{1}{2}C{V}^{2}\mathrm{.}\)
  • Substituting \(V=Ed\) and \(C={ϵ}_{0}\frac{A}{d}\)​:
  • \(U=\frac{1}{2}{ϵ}_{0}\frac{A}{d}(Ed{)}^{2}=\frac{1}{2}{E}^{2}A{ϵ}_{0}d\mathrm{.}\)

Thus, the energy stored is \(\frac{1}{2}{E}^{2}A{ϵ}_{0}d\)

Q3 FREE PREVIEW
PYQ

The electrostatic potential due to an electric dipole at a distance ' \(r\) ' varies as :

[JEE Main 2024, 30 Jan (Shift 1)]

a

\(\mathrm{r}\)

b

\(\frac{1}{r^3}\)

c

\(\frac{1}{\mathbf{r}}\)

d

\(\frac{1}{r^2}\)

✓ Correct answer: d)

\(\frac{1}{r^2}\)

Explanation

The electrostatic potential due to an electric dipole at a distance ' \(r\) ' varies as \(\frac{1}{r^2}\)

Q4 FREE PREVIEW
PYQ

Consider a parallel plate capacitor of area A (of each plate) and separation '𝑑' between the plates. If 𝐸 is the electric field and \({\epsilon }_{0}\) is the permittivity of free space between the plates, then potential energy stored in the capacitor is

[JEE Main 2025, 24 Jan (Shift 1)]

a

\(\frac{1}{4}{\epsilon }_{0}{E}^{2}Ad\)

b

\({\epsilon }_{0}{E}^{2}Ad\)

c

\(\frac{3}{4}{\epsilon }_{0}{E}^{2}Ad\)

d

\(\frac{1}{2}{\epsilon }_{0}{E}^{2}Ad\)

✓ Correct answer: d)

\(\frac{1}{2}{\epsilon }_{0}{E}^{2}Ad\)

Explanation

Energy per unit volume is given by:

\(\frac{U}{V}=\frac{1}{2}{\epsilon }_{0}{E}^{2}\)

Since volume V of the capacitor is \(A\times d\), the total energy stored in the capacitor is:

\(U=\frac{1}{2}{\epsilon }_{0}{E}^{2}\times Ad\)

Q5 FREE PREVIEW
PYQ

A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance \(40\text{ }\mu F\) is connected to a \(100\text{ }\text{V}\) power supply. The intermediate space between the plates is then filled with a dielectric material of dielectric constant \(K=2\). Calculate the extra charge stored in the capacitor and the change in its electrostatic energy due to the introduction of the dielectric. (JEE Mains - 21 Jan 2025 - Shift I Memory Based)

a

2 mC and 0.4 J

b

2 mC and 0.2 J

c

4 mC and 0.2 J

d

8 mC and 2 J

✓ Correct answer: c)

4 mC and 0.2 J

Explanation
  1. Initial Charge Stored:
    The charge stored in a capacitor is given by:

    \(Q=CV\)

    Substituting \(C=40\text{ }\mu \text{F}\) and \(V=100\text{ }\text{V}\):

    \(Q=40\times 1{0}^{−6}\times 100=4\text{ }\text{mC}\mathrm{.}\)
  2. Capacitance with Dielectric:
    When the dielectric is introduced, the capacitance becomes:

    \({C}^{′}=K⋅C=2⋅40=80\text{ }\mu \text{F}\mathrm{.}\)
  3. Charge with Dielectric:

    \({Q}^{′}={C}^{′}⋅V=80\times 1{0}^{−6}⋅100=8\text{ }\text{mC}\mathrm{.}\)

    The extra charge stored is:

    \(\Delta Q={Q}^{′}−Q=8−4=4\text{ }\text{mC}\mathrm{.}\)
  4. Change in Electrostatic Energy:
    The energy stored in a capacitor is given by:

    \(U=\frac{1}{2}C{V}^{2}\mathrm{.}\)
    • Initial energy: \(U=\frac{1}{2}⋅40\times 1{0}^{−6}⋅(100{)}^{2}=0.2\text{ }\text{J}\mathrm{.}\)
    • Final energy with dielectric: \({U}^{′}=\frac{1}{2}⋅80\times 1{0}^{−6}⋅(100{)}^{2}=0.4\text{ }\text{J}\mathrm{.}\)

    The change in energy is:

    \(\Delta U={U}^{′}−U=0.4−0.2=0.2\text{ }\text{J}\mathrm{.}\)

Thus, the extra charge stored is \(4\text{ }\text{mC}\) and the change in energy is \(0.2\text{ }\text{J}\).

Q6 FREE PREVIEW
PYQ

A thin half ring of radius 35 cm is uniformly charged with a total charge of \(Q\) coulomb. If the magnitude of the electric field at centre of the half ring is \(100V/m\), then the value of \(Q\) is ______ nC.

\(\left({ϵ}_{0}=8.85\times {10}^{-12}{C}^{2}/N{m}^{2}\text{ and }\pi =3.14\right)\)

[JEE Main 2026, 6 Apr (Shift 1)]

a

2.14

b

2.44

c

3.25

d

0.7

✓ Correct answer: a)

2.14

Explanation

(a) At the center of charged semicircular ring,

\(E=\frac{2k\lambda }{R}\text{ Where }:k=\frac{1}{4\pi {ϵ}_{0}}\\\)
\(\lambda =\text{ linear charge density }=\frac{Q}{\pi R}\)

\(\text{ Substituting }\lambda \text{ into the field formula: }\\\)

\(E=\frac{2kQ}{\pi {R}^{2}}=\frac{2Q}{4{\pi }^{2}{\in }_{0}{R}^{2}}=\frac{Q}{2{\pi }^{2}{\in }_{0}{R}^{2}}\\\)
\(\Rightarrow Q=E\times 2{\pi }^{2}{\in }_{0}{R}^{2}\\\)
\(\Rightarrow Q=100\times 2\times (3.14{)}^{2}\times \left(8.85\times {10}^{-12}\right)\times (0.35{)}^{2}\\\)
\(Q\approx 2.1378\times {10}^{-9}C=2.14nC\)

Q7
PYQ

Given below are two statements: one is labelled a Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason(R)

Assertion (A): Work done by electric field on moving a positive charge on an equipotential surface is always zero.

Reason (R): Electric lines of forces are always perpendicular to equipotential surfaces.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

[JEE Main 2024, 27 Jan (Shift 2)]

a

Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

b

(A) is correct but (R) is not correct

c

(A) is not correct but (R) is correct

d

Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

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Q8
PYQ

Given below are two statements: one is labelled a Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason(R)

Assertion (A): Work done by electric field on moving a positive charge on an equipotential surface is always zero.

Reason (R): Electric lines of forces are always perpendicular to equipotential surfaces.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

[JEE Main 2024, 27 Jan (Shift 2)]

a

Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

b

(A) is correct but (R) is not correct

c

(A) is not correct but (R) is correct

d

Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

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Q9
PYQ

A sphere of capacitance 100 pF is charged to a potential of 100 V. Another identical uncharged metal sphere is brought in contact with the charged sphere, then the change in the total energy stored on these spheres, when they touch is \(\alpha \times {10}^{-7}J\). The value of α is___ (combined capacitance of spheres is 200 pF)

[JEE Main 2026, 6 Apr (Shift 2)]

a

5

b

\(\frac{5}{2}\)

c

\(\frac{7}{2}\)

d

\(\frac{9}{2}\)

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Q10
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The electrostatic potential on the surface of uniformly charged spherical shell of radius \(\mathrm{R}=10\mathrm{cm}\) is \(120\mathrm{V}\) . The potential at the centre of shell, at a distance \(r=5\mathrm{cm}\) from centre, and at a distance \(\mathrm{r}=15\mathrm{cm}\) from the centre of the shell respectively, are :

a

120V, 120V, 80V

b

40V, 40V, 80V

c

0V, 0V, 80V

d

0V, 120V, 40V

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Q11
PYQ

Parallel plate capacitor was made with two rectangular plates, each with a length of 𝑙=3 cm and breath of b=1 cm. The distance between the plates is 3𝜇 m. Out of the following, which are the ways to increase the capacitance by a factor of 10 ?
A. 𝑙=30 cm, b=1 cm, d=1𝜇 m
B. 𝑙=3 cm, b=1 cm, d=30𝜇 m
C. 𝑙=6 cm, b=5 cm, d=3𝜇 m
D. 𝑙=1 cm, b=1 cm, d=10𝜇 m
E. 𝑙=5 cm, b=2 cm, d=1𝜇 m
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

[JEE Main 2025, 24 Jan (Shift 1)]

a

B and D only

b

C only

c

A only

d

C and E only

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Q12
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A uniform wire of linear charge density \(\lambda\) is placed along the y-axis. Determine the locus of the equipotential surface in the surrounding space.

(Shift - I Memory Based)

a

\({x}^{2}+{y}^{2}+{z}^{2}=\text{constant}\)

b

\({x}^{2}+{z}^{2}=\text{constant}\)

c

\(xyz=\text{constant}\)

d

\(xy+yz+zx=\text{constant}\)

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Q13
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A capacitor has air as dielectric medium and two conducting plates of area \(12 cm ^2\) and they are \(0.6 cm\) apart. When a slab of dielectric having area \(12 cm ^2\) and \(0.6 cm\) thickness is inserted between the plates, one of the conducting plates has to be moved by \(0.2 cm\) to keep the capacitance same as in previous case. The dielectric constant of the slab is : (Given \(\epsilon_0=8.834 \times 10^{-12} F / m\) )

[JEE Main 2024, 08 Apr (Shift 2)]

a

1.33

b

1.50

c

1

d

0.66

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Q14
PYQ

A capacitor has air as dielectric medium and two conducting plates of area \(12 cm ^2\) and they are \(0.6 cm\) apart. When a slab of dielectric having area \(12 cm ^2\) and \(0.6 cm\) thickness is inserted between the plates, one of the conducting plates has to be moved by \(0.2 cm\) to keep the capacitance same as in previous case. The dielectric constant of the slab is : (Given \(\epsilon_0=8.834 \times 10^{-12} F / m\) )

[JEE Main 2024, 08 Apr (Shift 2)]

a

1.33

b

1.50

c

1

d

0.66

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Q15
PYQ

Two charges +7 C and - 4 C are located at (-7, 0, 0) m and (7, 0, 0) m, find electrostatic potential energy of the system. \(( K=9 \times 10^9 SI units )\)

(Shift - II Memory Based)

a

\(-6 \times 10^9 \mathrm{~J}\)

b

\(-18 \times 10^9 \mathrm{~J}\)

c

\(18 \times 10^9 \mathrm{~J}\)

d

\(6 \times 10^9 \mathrm{~J}\)

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Q16
PYQ

A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance \(40\text{ }\mu F\) is connected to a \(100\text{ }\text{V}\) power supply. The intermediate space between the plates is then filled with a dielectric material of dielectric constant \(K=2\). Calculate the extra charge stored in the capacitor and the change in its electrostatic energy due to the introduction of the dielectric. (JEE Mains - 21 Jan 2025 - Shift I Memory Based)

a

2 mC and 0.4 J

b

2 mC and 0.2 J

c

4 mC and 0.2 J

d

8 mC and 2 J

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Q17
PYQ

Three infinitely long wires with linear charge density \(\lambda\) are placed along the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis respectively. Which of the following denotes an equipotential surface?

a

\(\left({x}^{2}+{y}^{2}\right)\left({y}^{2}+{z}^{2}\right)\left({z}^{2}+{x}^{2}\right)=\text{ constant }\)

b

\(xy+yz+zx=\text{ constant }\)

c

\(\mathrm{xyz}=\text{ constant }\)

d

\((x+y)(y+z)(z+x)=\text{ constant }\)

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Q18
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The point \(A\) is situated on the axis of a dipole at a distance \(r\) from the dipole, where the electric field and potential are given as \({E}_{0}\)​ and \({V}_{0}\)​, respectively. Find the electric field and potential at point \(B\), which is at a distance \(2r\) from the dipole on its perpendicular bisector.

(Shift II Memory Based)​​

a

\({E}_{B}=\frac{{E}_{0}}{8},\text{ }{V}_{B}={V}_{0}\)​​

b

​\({E}_{B}=\frac{{E}_{0}}{16},\text{ }{V}_{B}=0\)​​

c

\({E}_{B}=\frac{{E}_{0}}{4},\text{ }{V}_{B}=\frac{{V}_{0}}{2}\)​​

d

​​\({E}_{B}=\frac{{E}_{0}}{32},\text{ }{V}_{B}=\frac{{V}_{0}}{4}\)​​

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Q19
PYQ

If the distance between two parallel plates of a capacitor is \(d\), \(A\) is the area of each plate, and \(E\) is the electric field, find the energy stored in the capacitor.

(Shift I - Memory Based)

a

\(\frac{1}{2}{E}^{2}A{ϵ}_{0}d\)

b

\(\frac{1}{4}{E}^{2}A{ϵ}_{0}d\)

c

\(\frac{3}{4}{E}^{2}A{ϵ}_{0}d\)

d

\({E}^{2}A{ϵ}_{0}d\)

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Q20
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The point \(A\) is situated on the axis of a dipole at a distance \(r\) from the dipole, where the electric field and potential are given as \({E}_{0}\)​ and \({V}_{0}\)​, respectively. Find the electric field and potential at point \(B\), which is at a distance \(2r\) from the dipole on its perpendicular bisector.

(Shift II Memory Based)​​

a

\({E}_{B}=\frac{{E}_{0}}{8},\text{ }{V}_{B}={V}_{0}\)​​

b

​\({E}_{B}=\frac{{E}_{0}}{16},\text{ }{V}_{B}=0\)​​

c

\({E}_{B}=\frac{{E}_{0}}{4},\text{ }{V}_{B}=\frac{{V}_{0}}{2}\)​​

d

​​\({E}_{B}=\frac{{E}_{0}}{32},\text{ }{V}_{B}=\frac{{V}_{0}}{4}\)​​

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Q21
PYQ

The electrostatic potential due to an electric dipole at a distance ' \(r\) ' varies as :

[JEE Main 2024, 30 Jan (Shift 1)]

a

\(\mathrm{r}\)

b

\(\frac{1}{r^3}\)

c

\(\frac{1}{\mathbf{r}}\)

d

\(\frac{1}{r^2}\)

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Q22
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Two point charges \(-4 \mu c\) and \(4 \mu c\), constituting an electric dipole, are placed at \((-9,0,0)\mathrm{cm}\)and \((9,0,0) \mathrm{cm}\) in a uniform electric field of strength \({10}^{4}{\mathrm{NC}}^{-1}\). The work done on the dipole in rotating it from the equilibrium through \(180^\circ\) is :

[JEE Main 2025, 23 Jan (Shift 2)]

a

12.4 mJ

b

14.4 mJ

c

18.4 mJ

d

16.4 mJ

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Q23
PYQ

A capacitor with capacitance \(1 \mu \mathrm{~F}\) is connected to a 20 V supply. The distance between the plates is 1 \(\mu \mathrm{m}\). Find the energy density between the plates.

(Shift - II Memory Based)

a

\(1770 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{m}^3\)

b

\(1800 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{m}^3\)

c

\(1600 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{m}^3\)

d

\(2000 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{m}^3\)

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Q24
PYQ

The potential of a large liquid drop when eight liquid drops are combined is 20 V. Then, the potential of each single drop was:

a

10 V

b

7.5 V

c

5 V

d

2.5 V

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Q25
PYQ

The potential of a large liquid drop when eight liquid drops are combined is 20 V. Then, the potential of each single drop was:

a

10 V

b

7.5 V

c

5 V

d

2.5 V

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Q26
PYQ

Two point charges \(-4 \mu c\) and \(4 \mu c\), constituting an electric dipole, are placed at \((-9,0,0)\mathrm{cm}\)and \((9,0,0) \mathrm{cm}\) in a uniform electric field of strength \({10}^{4}{\mathrm{NC}}^{-1}\). The work done on the dipole in rotating it from the equilibrium through \(180^\circ\) is :

[JEE Main 2025, 23 Jan (Shift 2)]

a

12.4 mJ

b

14.4 mJ

c

18.4 mJ

d

16.4 mJ

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Q27
PYQ

The electric potential as function of\(x,y\)is given by \(V=5\left({x}^{2}-{y}^{2}\right)V\). The electric field at a point \((2,3)m\) is \(____\) (V / m).

[JEE Main 2026, 6 Apr (Shift 2)]

a

\((-20\hat{i}+30\hat{j})\)

b

\((-20\hat{i}-30\hat{j})\)

c

\((20\hat{i}+45\hat{j})\)

d

\((-4\hat{i}+6\hat{j})\)

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Q28
PYQ

A parallel plate air capacitor is connected to a battery. The plates are pulled apart at uniform speed v. If x is the separation between the plates at any instant, then the time rate of change of electrostatic energy of the capacitor is proportional to , where \({x}^{\alpha }\) is ______ .

a

\(-2\)

b

1

c

\(-1\)

d

2

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Q29
PYQ

Consider a parallel plate capacitor of area A (of each plate) and separation '𝑑' between the plates. If 𝐸 is the electric field and \({\epsilon }_{0}\) is the permittivity of free space between the plates, then potential energy stored in the capacitor is

[JEE Main 2025, 24 Jan (Shift 1)]

a

\(\frac{1}{4}{\epsilon }_{0}{E}^{2}Ad\)

b

\({\epsilon }_{0}{E}^{2}Ad\)

c

\(\frac{3}{4}{\epsilon }_{0}{E}^{2}Ad\)

d

\(\frac{1}{2}{\epsilon }_{0}{E}^{2}Ad\)

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Q30
PYQ

Parallel plate capacitor was made with two rectangular plates, each with a length of 𝑙=3 cm and breath of b=1 cm. The distance between the plates is 3𝜇 m. Out of the following, which are the ways to increase the capacitance by a factor of 10 ?
A. 𝑙=30 cm, b=1 cm, d=1𝜇 m
B. 𝑙=3 cm, b=1 cm, d=30𝜇 m
C. 𝑙=6 cm, b=5 cm, d=3𝜇 m
D. 𝑙=1 cm, b=1 cm, d=10𝜇 m
E. 𝑙=5 cm, b=2 cm, d=1𝜇 m
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

a

B and D only

b

C only

c

A only

d

C and E only

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Q31
PYQ

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A: In electrostatics, a conductor does not store any net charge inside.
Reason R: Inside the capacitor (with no dielectric medium), the free charge carriers, if placed between the plates of capacitor, experience force and drift.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

[JEE Main 2026, 4 Apr (Shift 2)]

a

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

b

Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A

c

A is true but R is false

d

A is false but R is true

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Q32
PYQ

In a parallel-plate capacitor, the length and width of the plates are \(3\text{ }\text{cm}\) and \(1\text{ }\text{cm}\), respectively. The separation between the plates is \(3\text{ }\mu \text{m}\). By which of the following configurations does the capacitance increase by a factor of 10?

(A): \(l=6\text{ }\text{cm},b=5\text{ }\text{cm},d=3\text{ }\mu \text{m}\)
(B): \(l=5\text{ }\text{cm},b=2\text{ }\text{cm},d=1\text{ }\mu \text{m}\)
(C): \(l=5\text{ }\text{cm},b=1\text{ }\text{cm},d=30\text{ }\mu \text{m}\)
(D): \(l=1\text{ }\text{cm},b=1\text{ }\text{cm},d=30\text{ }\mu \text{m}\)

(Shift I Memory Based)

a

A,B

b

A,C

c

B,C

d

B,C,D

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Q33
PYQ

A capacitor \(C_1=6 \mu \mathrm{~F}\), initially charged with a cell of emf 5 V is disconnected and connected to another capacitor \(C_2=12 \mu \mathrm{~F}\) which is initially neutral. The charges on \(C_1\) and \(C_2\) after connection are

(Shift - II Memory Based)

a

\(0 \mu \mathrm{C}, 30 \mu \mathrm{C}\)

b

\(10 \mu \mathrm{C}, 20 \mu \mathrm{C}\)

c

\(20 \mu \mathrm{C}, 10 \mu \mathrm{C}\)

d

\(30 \mu \mathrm{C}, 0 \mu \mathrm{C}\)

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Q34
PYQ

Two charges \(7\mu \mathrm{c}\) and \(-4\mu \mathrm{c}\) are placed at \((-7\mathrm{cm},0,0)\) and \((7\mathrm{cm},0,0)\) respectively. Given, \({ϵ}_{0}=8.85\times {10}^{-12}{\mathrm{C}}^{2}{\mathrm{N}}^{-1}{\mathrm{m}}^{-2}\), the electrostatic potential energy of the charge configuration is :

[JEE Main 2025, 23 Jan (Shift 2)]

a

-2.0 J

b

-1.5 J

c

-1.2 J

d

-1.8 J

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Q35
PYQ

Two metal spheres of radius R and 3R have same surface charge density \(\sigma\). If they are brought in contact and then separated, the surface charge density on smaller and bigger sphere becomes \({\sigma }_{1}\)and \({\sigma }_{2}\), respectively. The ratio \(\frac{{\sigma }_{1}}{{\sigma }_{2}}\) is

[JEE Main 2025, 8 Apr (Shift 1)]

a

\(\frac{1}{9}\)

b

\(9\)

c

\(\frac{1}{3}\)

d

\(3\)

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Q36
PYQ

A parallel-plate capacitor of capacitance \(40\mu \mathrm{F}\) is connected to a 100 V power supply. Now the intermediate space between the plates is filled with a dielectric material of dielectric constant \(\mathrm{K}=2\). Due to the introduction of dielectric material, the extra charge and the change in the electrostatic energy in the capacitor, respectively, are

[JEE Main 2025, 22 Jan (Shift 1)]

a

4 mC and 0.2 J

b

2 mC and 0.2 J

c

8 mC and 2.0 J

d

2 mC and 0.4 J

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Q37
PYQ

Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Net dipole moment of a polar linear isotropic dielectric substance is not zero even in the absence of an external electric field.
Reason (R) : In absence of an external electric field, the different permanent dipoles of a polar dielectric substance are oriented in random directions.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

[JEE Main 2025, 2 Apr (Shift 2)]

a

(A) is correct but (R) is not correct

b

Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

c

Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

d

(A) is not correct but (R) is correct

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Q38
PYQ

Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R Assertion A : Work done in moving a test charge between two points inside a uniformly charged spherical shell is zero, no matter which path is chosen.
Reason R : Electrostatic potential inside a uniformly charged spherical shell is constant and is same as that on the surface of the shell.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.

[JEE Main 2025, 8 Apr (Shift 1)]

a

A is true but R is false

b

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

c

A is false but R is true

d

Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A

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Q39
PYQ

In a parallel-plate capacitor, the length and width of the plates are \(3\text{ }\text{cm}\) and \(1\text{ }\text{cm}\), respectively. The separation between the plates is \(3\text{ }\mu \text{m}\). By which of the following configurations does the capacitance increase by a factor of 10?

(A): \(l=6\text{ }\text{cm},b=5\text{ }\text{cm},d=3\text{ }\mu \text{m}\)
(B): \(l=5\text{ }\text{cm},b=2\text{ }\text{cm},d=1\text{ }\mu \text{m}\)
(C): \(l=5\text{ }\text{cm},b=1\text{ }\text{cm},d=30\text{ }\mu \text{m}\)
(D): \(l=1\text{ }\text{cm},b=1\text{ }\text{cm},d=30\text{ }\mu \text{m}\)

(Shift I Memory Based)

a

A,B

b

A,C

c

B,C

d

B,C,D

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Q40
PYQ

A capacitor \(C_1=6 \mu \mathrm{~F}\), initially charged with a cell of emf 5 V is disconnected and connected to another capacitor \(C_2=12 \mu \mathrm{~F}\) which is initially neutral. The charges on \(C_1\) and \(C_2\) after connection are

(Shift - II Memory Based)

a

\(0 \mu \mathrm{C}, 30 \mu \mathrm{C}\)

b

\(10 \mu \mathrm{C}, 20 \mu \mathrm{C}\)

c

\(20 \mu \mathrm{C}, 10 \mu \mathrm{C}\)

d

\(30 \mu \mathrm{C}, 0 \mu \mathrm{C}\)

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Q41
PYQ

A uniform wire of linear charge density \(\lambda\) is placed along the y-axis. Determine the locus of the equipotential surface in the surrounding space.

(Shift - I Memory Based)

a

\({x}^{2}+{y}^{2}+{z}^{2}=\text{constant}\)

b

\({x}^{2}+{z}^{2}=\text{constant}\)

c

\(xyz=\text{constant}\)

d

\(xy+yz+zx=\text{constant}\)

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Q42
PYQ

Two charges +7 C and - 4 C are located at (-7, 0, 0) m and (7, 0, 0) m, find electrostatic potential energy of the system. \(( K=9 \times 10^9 SI units )\)

(Shift - II Memory Based)

a

\(-6 \times 10^9 \mathrm{~J}\)

b

\(-18 \times 10^9 \mathrm{~J}\)

c

\(18 \times 10^9 \mathrm{~J}\)

d

\(6 \times 10^9 \mathrm{~J}\)

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Q43
PYQ

Three infinitely long wires with linear charge density \(\lambda\) are placed along the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis respectively. Which of the following denotes an equipotential surface?

[JEE Main 2025, 28 Jan (Shift 1)]

a


\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(z^2+x^2\right)=\text { constant }

b


x y+y z+z x=\text { constant }

c


\mathrm{xyz}=\text { constant }

d


(x+y)(y+z)(z+x)=\text { constant }

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Q44
PYQ

A capacitor with capacitance \(1 \mu \mathrm{~F}\) is connected to a 20 V supply. The distance between the plates is 1 \(\mu \mathrm{m}\). Find the energy density between the plates.

(Shift - II Memory Based)

a

\(1770 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{m}^3\)

b

\(1800 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{m}^3\)

c

\(1600 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{m}^3\)

d

\(2000 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{m}^3\)

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Q45
PYQ

Two charges \(7\mu \mathrm{c}\) and \(-4\mu \mathrm{c}\) are placed at \((-7\mathrm{cm},0,0)\) and \((7\mathrm{cm},0,0)\) respectively. Given, \({ϵ}_{0}=8.85\times {10}^{-12}{\mathrm{C}}^{2}{\mathrm{N}}^{-1}{\mathrm{m}}^{-2}\), the electrostatic potential energy of the charge configuration is :

[JEE Main 2025, 23 Jan (Shift 2)]

a

-2.0 J

b

-1.5 J

c

-1.2 J

d

-1.8 J

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Q46
PYQ

A parallel plate capacitor has a uniform electric field ' \(\overrightarrow{E}\) ' in the space between the plates. If the distance between the plates is ' \(d\) ' and the area of each plate is ' \(A\) ', the energy stored in the capacitor is : ( \(\varepsilon_{0} =\) permittivity of free space)

[NEET 2021]

a

\(\varepsilon_{0}\text{EAd}\)

b

\(\frac{1}{2}\varepsilon_{0}E^{2}\text{Ad}\)

c

\(\frac{E^{2}\text{Ad}}{\varepsilon_{0}}\)

d

\(\frac{1}{2}\varepsilon_{0}E^{2}\)

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Q47
PYQ

Two isolated metallic solid spheres of radii \(R\) and \(2 R\) are charged such that both have same charge density \(\sigma\). The spheres are then connected by a thin conducting wire. If the new charge density of the bigger sphere is \(\sigma^{\prime}\). The ratio \(\frac{\sigma^{\prime}}{\sigma}\) is:[JEE Main 2023, 30 Jan (Shift 1)]

a

\(\frac{9}{4}\)

b

\(\frac{4}{3}\)

c

\(\frac{5}{3}\)

d

\(\frac{5}{6}\)

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Q48
PYQ

Consider the combination of 2 capacitors \(C_1\) and \(C_2\), with \(C_1>C_2\), when connected in parallel, the equivalent capacitance is \(\frac{15}{4}\) times the equivalent capacitance of the same connected in series, Calculate the ratio of capacitors, \(\frac{C_2}{C_1}\).

a

\(\frac{111}{80}\)

b

\(\frac{15}{4}\)

c

\(\frac{29}{15}\)

d

\(\frac{15}{11}\)

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Q49
PYQ

Consider the combination of 2 capacitors \(C_1\) and \(C_2\), with \(C_1>C_2\), when connected in parallel, the equivalent capacitance is \(\frac{15}{4}\) times the equivalent capacitance of the same connected in series, Calculate the ratio of capacitors, \(\frac{C_2}{C_1}\)

[JEE Main 2021, 26 Feb (Shift 1)]

a

\(\frac{111}{80}\)

b

\(\frac{15}{4}\)

c

\(\frac{29}{15}\)

d

\(\frac{15}{11}\)

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Q50
PYQ

Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.

Assertion A: Two metallic spheres are charged to the same potential. One of them is hollow and another is solid, and both have the same radii. Solid sphere will have lower charge than the hollow one.
Reason R: Capacitance of metallic spheres depend on the radii of spheres.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.

[JEE Main 2023, 1 Feb (Shift 2)]

a

A is false but \( \mathrm{R} \) is true

b

Both \( \mathrm{A} \) and \( \mathrm{R} \) are true and \( \mathrm{R} \) is the correct explanation of \( \mathrm{A} \)

c

\( \mathrm{A} \) is true but \( \mathrm{R} \) is false

d

Both \( \mathrm{A} \) and \( \mathrm{R} \) are true but \( \mathrm{R} \) is not the correct explanation of \( A \)

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Q51
PYQ

Ten charges are placed on the circumference of a circle of radius \( \mathrm{R} \) with constant angular separation between successive charges. Alternate charges \( 1,3,5,7,9 \) have charge \( (+q) \) each, while \( 2,4,6,8,10 \) have charge \( (-q) \) each. The potential \( \mathrm{V} \) and the electric field \( \mathrm{E} \) at the centre of the circle are respectively.

(Take \( \mathrm{V}=0 \) at infinity)

a

\( \mathrm{V}=0 ; \mathrm{E}=0 \)

b

\( \mathrm{V}=\frac{10 \mathrm{q}}{4 \pi \varepsilon_{0} \mathrm{R}} ; \mathrm{E}=\frac{10 \mathrm{q}}{4 \pi \varepsilon_{0} \mathrm{R}^{2}} \)

c

\( V=\frac{10 q}{4 \pi \varepsilon_{0} R}=E=0 \)

d

\( V=0 ; E=\frac{10 q}{4 \pi \varepsilon_{0} R^{2}} \)

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Q52
PYQ

A parallel plate capacitor has plate area \(40 cm ^2\) and plate separation \(2 mm\). The space between the plates is filled with a dielectric medium of thickness \(1 mm\) and dielectric constant 5 . The new capacitance of the system is :

[JEE Main 2023, 25 Jan (Shift 1)]

a

\(24 \varepsilon_0 F\)

b

\(\frac{3}{10} \varepsilon_0 F\)

c

\(\frac{10}{3} \varepsilon_0 F\)

d

\(10 \varepsilon_0 F\)

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Q53
PYQ

If \(q_{ f }\) is the free charge on the capacitor plates and \(q_{ b }\) is the bound charge on the dielectric slab of dielectric constant \(k\) placed between the capacitor plates, then bound charge \(q_{ b }\) can be expressed as:

[JEE Main 2021, 25 Jul (Shift 2)]

a

\(q_b=q_f\left(1+\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)\)

b

\(q_b=q_f\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)\)

c

\(q_b=q_f\left(1-\frac{1}{k}\right)\)

d

\(q_b=q_f\left(1+\frac{1}{k}\right)\)

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Q54
PYQ

A capacitor \(C\) is fully charged with voltage \(V_0\). After disconnecting the voltage source, it is connected in parallel with another uncharged capacitor of capacitance \(2 C\). The energy loss in the process after the charge is distributed between the two capacitors is:

[JEE Main 2020, 4 Sep (Shift 2)]

a

\(\frac{1}{4} C V_0^2\)

b

\(\frac{1}{6} C V_0^2\)

c

\(\frac{1}{2} C V_0^2\)

d

\(\frac{1}{3} C V_0^2\)

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Q55
PYQ

The distance between two plates of a capacitor is \(d\) and its capacitance is \(C_1\), when air is the medium between the plates. If a metal sheet of thickness \(\frac{2 d}{3}\) and of same area as plate is introduced between the plates, the capacitance of the capacitor becomes \(C_2\). The ratio \(\frac{C_2}{C_1}\) is:

[JEE Main 2023, 10 Apr (Shift 2)]

a

2 : 1

b

4 : 1`

c

3 : 1

d

1 : 1

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Q56
PYQ

A capacitor of capacitance C is charged to a potential V. The flux of the electric field through a closed surface enclosing the positive plate of the capacitor is:

[JEE Main 2023, 11 Apr (Shift 2)]

a

\(\frac{CV}{2{\epsilon }_{0}}\)

b

\(\frac{2CV}{{\epsilon }_{0}}\)

c

\(\frac{CV}{{\epsilon }_{0}}\)

d

Zero

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Q57
PYQ

A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance \(2 F\) is charged to a potential \(V\). The energy stored in the capacitor is \(E_1\). The capacitor is now connected to another uncharged identical capacitor in parallel combination. The energy stored in the combination is \(E_2\). The ratio \(E_2 / E_1\) is:

[JEE Main 2023, 11 Apr (Shift 1)]

a

2:1

b

1:2

c

1:4

d

2:3

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Q58
PYQ

Considering a group of positive charges, which of the following statements is correct?

[JEE Main 2023, 31 Jan (Shift 2)]

a

Net potential of the system cannot be zero at a point but net electric field can be zero at that point.

b

Net potential of the system at a point can be zero but net electric field can't be zero at that point.

c

Both the net potential and the net field can be zero at a point.

d

Both the net potential and the net electric field cannot be zero at a point.

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Q59
PYQ

Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion \(A\) and the other is labelled as Reason \(R\).
Assertion (A): Two metallic spheres are charged to the same potential. One of them is hollow and another is solid, and both have the same radii. Solid sphere will have lower charge than the hollow one.
Reason (R): Capacitance of metallic spheres depend on the radii of spheres.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.

[JEE Main 2023, 1 Feb (Shift 2)]

a

\(A\) is false but \(R\) is true

b

Both \(A\) and \(R\) are true and \(R\) is the correct explanation of \(A\)

c

\(A\) is true but \(R\) is false

d

Both \(A\) and \(R\) are true but \(R\) is not the correct explanation of \(A\)

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Q60
PYQ

For changing the capacitance of a given parallel plate capacitor, a dielectric material of dielectric constant \(K\) is used, which has the same area as the plates of the capacitor. The thickness of the dielectric slab is \(\frac{3}{4} d\), where ' \(d\) ' is the separation between the plates of parallel plate capacitor.The new capacitance ( \(C^{\prime}\) ) in terms of original capacitance \(\left( C _0\right)\) is given by the following relation:

[JEE Main 2021, 16 Mar (Shift 1)]

a

\(C^{\prime}=\frac{4+K}{3} C_0\)

b

\(C^{\prime}=\frac{3+K}{4 K} C_0\)

c

\(C^{\prime}=\frac{4}{3+K} C_0\)

d

\(C^{\prime}=\frac{4 K}{K+3} C_0\)

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Q61
PYQ

In finding the electric field using Gauss Law the formula \(\left|\vec{E}\right|=\frac{{q}_{enc}}{{\epsilon }_{0}\left|A\right|}\) is applicable. In the formula \({\epsilon }_{0}\) is permittivity of free space, A is the area of Gaussian surface and \({q}_{enc}\) is charge enclosed by the Gaussian surface. The equation can be used in which of the following situation?

[JEE Main 2020, 8 Jan (Shift 1)]

a

Only when the Gaussian surface is an equipotential surface.

b

Only when \(\left|\vec{E}\right|\) = constant on the surface.

c

Only when the Gaussian surface is an equipotential surface and \(\left|\vec{E}\right|\) is constant on the surface.

d

For any choice of Gaussian surface

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Q62
PYQ

Two isolated metallic solid spheres of radii \(R\) and \(2 R\) are charged such that both have same charge density \(\sigma\). The spheres are then connected by a thin conducting wire. If the new charge density of the bigger sphere is \(\sigma^{\prime}\). The ratio \(\frac{\sigma^{\prime}}{\sigma}\) is:

[JEE Main 2023, 30 Jan (Shift 1)]

a

\(\frac{9}{4}\)

b

\(\frac{4}{3}\)

c

\(\frac{5}{3}\)

d

\(\frac{5}{6}\)

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Q63
PYQ

Electric potential at a point ' \(P\) ' due to a point charge of \(5\times {10}^{−9}\mathrm{C}\) is \(50 \ V\). The distance of ' \(P\) ' from the point charge is:
\(\left(\mathrm{Assume},\frac{1}{4{\mathrm{πε}}_{0}}=9\times {10}^{9}{\mathrm{Nm}}^{2}{\mathrm{C}}^{−2}\right)\)

[JEE Main 2023, 8 Apr (Shift 2)]

a

3 cm

b

9 cm

c

90 cm

d

0.9 cm

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Q64
PYQ

The electric potential at the centre of two concentric half rings of radii \(R_1\) and \(R_2\), having same linear charge density \(\lambda\) is

[JEE Main 2023, 24 Jan (Shift 2)]

a

\(\frac{2 \lambda}{\epsilon_0}\)

b

\(\frac{\lambda}{2 \epsilon_0}\)

c

\(\frac{\lambda}{4 \epsilon_0}\)

d

\(\frac{\lambda}{\epsilon_0}\)

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