The P-Block Elements

Aluminium chloride in acidified aqueous solution forms an ion having geometry

[JEE Main 2024, 30 Jan (Shift 1)]

Aluminium chloride in acidified aqueous solution forms an ion having geometry

[JEE Main 2024, 30 Jan (Shift 1)]

The correct statements from the following are:

A. Ionic radii of trivalent cations of group 13 elements decreases down the group.

B. Electronegativity of group 13 elements decreases down the group.

C. Among the group 13 elements, Boron has highest first ionisation enthalpy.

D. The trichloride and triiodide of group 13 elements are covalent in nature.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

[JEE Main 2026, 23 Jan (Shift 1)]

The elements of Group 13 with highest and lowest first ionisation enthalpies are respectively:

[JEE Main 2025, 4 Apr (Shift 2)]

The number of neutrons present in the more abundant isotope of boron is 'x'. Amorphous boron upon heating with air forms a product, in which the oxidation state of boron is 'y'. The value of \(x+y\) is

[JEE Main 2024, 5 Apr (Shift 1)]

The atomic number of the element with least melting point in group-14 is

(JEE Mains 23/01/2025 ,Shift -2)

Evaluate the following statements related to group 14 elements for their correctness

(A) Covalent radius decreases down the group from \(C\) to \(Pb\) in a regular manner
(B) Electronegativity decreases from \(C\) to \(Pb\) down the group gradually.
(C) Maximum covalence of \(C\) is 4 whereas other elements can expand their covalence due to presence of \(d\) orbitals.
(D) Heavier elements do not form \(p \pi- p \pi\) bonds,
(E) Carbon can exhibit negative oxidation states.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

[JEE Main 2024, 6 Apr (Shift 2)]

Evaluate the following statements related to group 14 elements for their correctness.

(A) Covalent radius decreases down the group from C to Pb in a regular manner.

(B) Electronegativity decreases from C to Pb down the group gradually.

(C) Maximum covalence of C is 4 whereas other elements can expand their covalence due to presence of d orbitals.

(D) Heavier elements do not form pπ-p π bonds.

(E) Carbon can exhibit negative oxidation states.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

[JEE Main 2024, 06 Apr (Shift 2)]

Given below are two statements

Statement I : The electronegativity of group 14 elements from \(\mathrm{Si}\) to \(\mathrm{Pb}\), gradually decreases.

Statement II : Group 14 contains non-metallic, metallic, as well as metalloid elements.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.

[JEE Main 2024, 29 Jan (Shift 1)]

The atomic number of the element with least melting point in group-14 is

(JEE Mains 23/01/2025 ,Shift -2)

Given below are two statements :
Statement I : Group 13 trivalent halides get easily hydrolyzed by water due to their covalent nature.

Statement II : \({\mathrm{AlCl}}_{3}\) upon hydrolysis in acidified aqueous solution forms octahedral \({\left[\mathrm{Al}{\left({\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{3+}\) ion.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

[JEE Main 2024, 31 Jan (Shift 2)]

The correct statements from the following are :
(A) \({\mathrm{Tl}}^{3+}\) is a powerful oxidising agent
(B) \({\mathrm{Al}}^{3+}\) does not get reduced easily
(C) Both \({\mathrm{Al}}^{3+}\) and \({\mathrm{Tl}}^{3+}\) are very stable in solution
(D) \({\mathrm{Tl}}^{+}\) is more stable than \({\mathrm{Tl}}^{3+}\)
(E) \({\mathrm{Al}}^{3+}\) and \({\mathrm{Tl}}^{+}\)are highly stable
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

[JEE Main 2025, 7 Apr (Shift 2)]

Assertion (A): Melting point of Boron (\(2453\mathrm{K}\)) is unusually high in group \(13\) elements.
Reason (R): Solid Boron has very strong crystalline lattice.

[JEE Main 2024, 27 Jan (Shift 1)]

The group \(14\) elements A and B have the first ionisation enthalpy values of \(708\) and \(715\mathrm{kJ}{\mathrm{mol}}^{-1}\) respectively. The above values are lowest among their group members. The nature of their ions \({\mathrm{A}}^{2+}\) \({\mathrm{B}}^{4+}\) respectively is

[JEE Main 2025, 7 Apr (Shift 1)]

The correct statements from the following are

(A) The decreasing order of atomic radii of group 13 elements is \(\mathrm{Tl}>\mathrm{In}>\mathrm{Ga}>\mathrm{Al}>\mathrm{B}\)
(B) Down the group 13 electronegativity decreases from top to bottom.
(C) \(\mathrm{Al}\) dissolves in \(\mathrm{dil}.\mathrm{HCl}\) and liberates \({H}_{2}\) but conc. \(HN{O}_{3}\) renders \(\mathrm{Al}\) passive by forming a protective oxide layer on the surface.
(D) All elements of group 13 exhibits highly stable + 1 oxidation state.
(E) Hybridisation of \(\mathrm{Al}\) in \({\left[\mathrm{Al}{({\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O})}_{6}\right]}^{3+}\) ion is \(s{p}^{3}{d}^{2}\).

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

[JEE Main 2024, 5 Apr (Shift 2)]

Given below are two statements:

Statement I : In group 13, the stability of +1 oxidation state increases down the group.

Statement II : The atomic size of gallium is greater than that of aluminium.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

[JEE Main 2024, 05 Apr (Shift 1)]

Given below are two statements:

Statement I : In group 13, the stability of +1 oxidation state increases down the group.

Statement II : The atomic size of gallium is greater than that of aluminium.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

[JEE Main 2024, 05 Apr (Shift 1)]

The number of ions from the following that are expected to behave as oxidising agent is : \(Sn ^{4+}, Sn ^{2+}, Pb ^{2+}, Tl ^{3+}, Pb ^{4+}, Tl ^{+}\)

[JEE Main 2024, 06 Apr (Shift 2)]

The number of ions from the following that are expected to behave as oxidising agent is : \(Sn ^{4+}, Sn ^{2+}, Pb ^{2+}, Tl ^{3+}, Pb ^{4+}, Tl ^{+}\)

[JEE Main 2024, 06 Apr (Shift 2)]

Statement - 1: First ionization energy Ge is greater than Si
Statement - 2: First ionization energy Pb is greater than Sn

The elements of Group 13 with highest and lowest first ionisation enthalpies are respectively:

[JEE Main 2025, 4 Apr (Shift 2)]

Given below are two statements.
Statement-I: The chlorides of \(Be\) and \(Al\) have \(Cl\)-bridged structure. Both are soluble in organic solvents and act as Lewis bases.
Statement-II: Hydroxides of \(Be\) and \(Al\) dissolve in excess alkali to give beryllate and aluminate ions.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below

[JEE Main 2022, 27 Jul (Shift 1)]

The correct order of melting point of 14th group elements.

(Memory Based JEE Mains 24/01/2025 ,Shift -2)

The number of ions from the following that are expected to behave as oxidising agent is : \(Sn ^{4+}, Sn ^{2+}, Pb ^{2+}, Tl ^{3+}, Pb ^{4+}, Tl ^{+}\)

[JEE Main 2024, 6 Apr (Shift 2)]

The correct statements from the following are:

A. Ionic radii of trivalent cations of group 13 elements decreases down the group.

B. Electronegativity of group 13 elements decreases down the group.

C. Among the group 13 elements, Boron has highest first ionisation enthalpy.

D. The trichloride and triiodide of group 13 elements are covalent in nature.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

[JEE Main 2026, 23 Jan (Shift 1)]

Consider the following elements In , Tl , Al , Pb , Sn and Ge .
The most stable oxidation states of elements with highest and lowest first ionisation enthalpies, respectively, are

[JEE Main 2025, 28 Jan (Shift 1)]

Consider the following elements In , Tl , Al , Pb , Sn and Ge .
The most stable oxidation states of elements with highest and lowest first ionisation enthalpies, respectively, are

[JEE Main 2025, 28 Jan (Shift 1)]

Given below are two statements

Statement (I) : \(SiO _2\) and \(GeO _2\) are acidic while \(SnO\) and \(PbO\) are amphoteric in nature.
Statement (II) : Allotropic forms of carbon are due to property of catenation and \(p \pi- d \pi\) bond formation.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

[JEE Main 2024, 1 Feb (Shift 2)]

The group \(14\) elements A and B have the first ionisation enthalpy values of \(708\) and \(715\mathrm{kJ}{\mathrm{mol}}^{-1}\) respectively. The above values are lowest among their group members. The nature of their ions \({\mathrm{A}}^{2+}\) \({\mathrm{B}}^{4+}\) respectively is

[JEE Main 2025, 7 Apr (Shift 1)]

The correct order of the first ionization enthalpy is

[JEE Main 2024, 4 Apr (Shift 2)]

The correct statements from the following are :
(A) \({\mathrm{Tl}}^{3+}\) is a powerful oxidising agent
(B) \({\mathrm{Al}}^{3+}\) does not get reduced easily
(C) Both \({\mathrm{Al}}^{3+}\) and \({\mathrm{Tl}}^{3+}\) are very stable in solution
(D) \({\mathrm{Tl}}^{+}\) is more stable than \({\mathrm{Tl}}^{3+}\)
(E) \({\mathrm{Al}}^{3+}\) and \({\mathrm{Tl}}^{+}\)are highly stable
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

[JEE Main 2025, 7 Apr (Shift 2)]

Statement - 1: First ionization energy Ge is greater than Si
Statement - 2: First ionization energy Pb is greater than Sn

Given below are two statements :
Statement I : Gallium is used in the manufacturing of thermometers.
Statement II : A thermometer containing gallium is useful for measuring the freezing point \((256\mathrm{K})\)of brine solution.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

[JEE Main 2024, 6 Apr (Shift 1)]

The number of ions from the following that are expected to behave as oxidising agent is : \(Sn ^{4+}, Sn ^{2+}, Pb ^{2+}, Tl ^{3+}, Pb ^{4+}, Tl ^{+}\)

[JEE Main 2024, 6 Apr (Shift 2)]

Give below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R:
Assertion A: The stability order of +1 oxidation state of \(Ga\), \(\mathrm{In}\) and \(Tl\) is \(Ga < In <\) \(Tl\).
Reason R: The inert pair effect stabilizes the lower oxidation state down the group.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below

[JEE Main 2024, 8 Apr (Shift 1)]

The correct order of melting point of 14th group elements.

(Memory Based JEE Mains 24/01/2025 ,Shift -2)

The set in which compounds have different nature is:

[JEE Main 2021, 20 Jul (Shift 1)]

What is x in the following reaction?
Al( s) + NaOH(aq) + \({H}_{2}O\)(l) → x + \({H}_{2}\)(g)

Among the following, the number of halide(s) which is are inert to hydrolysis is

[JEE Main 2021, 25 Feb (Shift 1)]

Boric acid is solid, whereas \(BF _3\) is gas at room temperature because of

Given below are two statements:
Statement-I: Boron is extremely hard due to its 3D covalent network structure.
Statement-II: Boron has highest melting and boiling point compared to its other group members.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Boron is extremely hard indicating its high lattice energy.

Statement II: Boron has highest melting and boiling point compared to its other group members. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.

[JEE Main 2023, 12 Apr (Shift 1)]

Given below are two statements :

Statement-I: The process of producing syn-gas is called gasification of coal.

Statement-II: The composition of syn-gas is \(\mathrm{CO}+\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) \(+\mathrm{H}_{2}(1: 1: 1)\)

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

[JEE Main 2021, 31 Aug (Shift 1)]

The correct order of bond enthalpy \(\left( kJmol ^{-1}\right)\) is:

[JEE Main 2023, 1 Feb (Shift 2)]

For a good quality cement, the ratio of lime to the total of the oxides of \(Si , Al\) and \(Fe\) should be as close as to:

[JEE Main 2023, 8 Apr (Shift 2)]

The Lewis acid character of boron tri halides follows the order

[JEE Main 2023, 31 Jan (Shift 2)]

Given below are two statements:
Statements-I: Boron is extremely hard indicating its high lattice energy
Statements-II: Boron has highest melting and boiling point compared to its other group members.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

[JEE Main 2023, 12 Apr (Shift 1)]

Given below are two statements:

Statement-I: Group 13 trivalent halides get easily hydrolyzed by water due to their covalent nature.

Statement-II: AlCl₃ upon hydrolysis in acidified aqueous solution forms octahedral [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ ion.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

[JEE Main 2024, 31 Jan (Shift 2)]

In which one of the following molecules, strongest back donation of an electron pair from halide to boron is expected?

[JEE Main 2021, 27 Aug (Shift 1)]

Statement-I: During Electrolytic refining, the pure metal is made to act as anode and its impure metallic form is used as cathode.
Statement-II: During the Hall-Heroult electrolysis process, purified \(Al _2 O _3\) is mixed with \(Na _3 AlF _6\) to lower the melting point of the mixture.

[JEE Main 2023, 30 Jan (Shift 2)]

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion \( \mathrm{A} \) and the other is labelled as Reason \( \mathrm{R} \).

Assertion \( \mathrm{A}: \mathrm{TlI}_{3} \), is isomorphous to \( \mathrm{CsI}_{3} \), the metal is present in +1 oxidation state.

Reason \( \mathrm{R} \) : Tl metal has fourteen \( \mathrm{f} \) electrons in its electronic configuration.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

[JEE Main 2021, 26 Feb (Shift 2)]

Diborane \(({\mathrm{B}}_{2}{\mathrm{H}}_{6})\) reacts independently with \({\mathrm{O}}_{2}\) and \({\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}\)to produce,

respectively;

Choose the correct statement(s) among the following

[JEE Advanced 2020]

Group-13 elements react with \(O _2\) in amorphous form to form oxides of type \(M _2 O _3( M =\) element \()\). Which among the following is the most basic oxide?

[JEE Main 2023, 6 Apr (Shift 2)]

During the borax bead test with \(\mathrm{CuSO}_4\), a blue green colour of the bead was observed in oxidising flame due to the formation of

If the formula of Borax is \(Na _2 B _4 O _{ x }( OH )_{ y } \cdot zH _2 O\), then \(x + y + z =\)

[JEE Main 2023, 13 Apr (Shift 2)]

Lithium aluminium hydride can be prepared from the reaction of

[JEE Main 2023, 30 Jan (Shift 1)]

Given below are two statements:

Statement I: The electronegativity of group 14 elements from Si to Pb gradually decreaes.

Statement II: Group 14 contains non-metallic, metallic, as well as metalloid elements.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Aqueous solution of which of the following boron compounds will be strongly basic in nature?

[JEE Main 2022, 29 Jun (Shift 2)]

Which of the following oxide is amphoteric in nature?

Among the following, identify the halide which is inert to hydrolysis.

[JEE Main 2021, 25 Feb (Shift 1)]

Given below are two statements. One is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R)
Assertion (A): Boron is unable to form \(BF _6^{3-}\)
Reason (R): Size of boron is very small.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

[JEE Main 2022, 27 Jul (Shift 2)]

The reaction of \( \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{~N}_{3} \mathrm{~B}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}_{3}(\mathrm{~A}) \) with \( \mathrm{LiBH}_{4} \) in tetrahydrofuran gives inorganic benzene (B). Further, the reaction of (A) with (C) leads to \( \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{~N}_{3} \mathrm{~B}_{3}(\mathrm{Me})_{3} \). Compounds (B) and (C) respectively, are :

[JEE Main 2020, 9 Jan (Shift 2)]

Taking stability as the factor, which one of the following represents correct relationship?

[NEET 2023]