Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

The linear combination of atomic orbitals to form molecular orbitals
takes place only when the combining atomic orbitals

A. have the same energy
B. have the minimum overlap
C. have same symmetry about the molecular axis
D. have different symmetry about the molecular axis

Choose the most appropriate from the options given below:

Which of the following linear combination of atomic orbitals will lead to formation of molecular orbitals in homonuclear diatomic molecules [internuclear axis in z-direction] ?

A. \(2{p}_{z}\) and \(2{p}_{x}\)

B. 2s and \(2{p}_{x}\)

C. \(3{d}_{xy}\) and \(3{d}_{{x}^{2}-{y}^{2}}\)

D. 2s and \(2{p}_{z}\)

E. \(2{p}_{z}\) and \(3{d}_{{x}^{2}-{y}^{2}}\)

Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Cis form of alkene is found to be more polar than the trans form.
Reason (R) : Dipole moment of trans isomer of 2-butene is zero.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

[JEE Main 2024, 05 Apr (Shift 1)]

Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Cis form of alkene is found to be more polar than the trans form.
Reason (R) : Dipole moment of trans isomer of 2-butene is zero.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

[JEE Main 2024, 05 Apr (Shift 1)]

Number of \(\sigma \mathrm{and}\pi\) bonds respectively in hex-1-en-4-yne are:

Memory Based Question 29/Jan/25 Evening shift

Total number of sigma \((\sigma )\) ______ and \(pi(\pi )\) _______ bonds respectively present in hex-1-en-4-yne are

The hybridisation scheme for the central atom includes a d-orbital contribution in

The number of paramagnetic species among the following is ...........
\[B _2, Li _2, C _2, C _2^{-}, O _2^{-2}, O _2^{+} \text {and } He _2^{+} \text {. }\]

[JEE Main 2022, 28 Jul (Shift 1)]

Match List-I with List-II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

[JEE Main 2024, 6 Apr (Shift 1)]

Which of the following molecules(s) show/s paramagnetic behaviour?
(A) \({\mathrm{O}}_{2}\)
(B) \({\mathrm{N}}_{2}\)
(C) \({\mathrm{F}}_{2}\)
(D) \({\mathrm{S}}_{2}\)
(E) \({\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}\)
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

[JEE Main 2025, 4 Apr (Shift 1)]

The correct increasing order for bond angles among \(B{F}_{3},P{F}_{3}\) and \(Cl{F}_{3}\) is :

[JEE Main 2024, 9 Apr (Shift 2)]

Number of \(\sigma \mathrm{and}\pi\) bonds respectively in hex-1-en-4-yne are:

Memory Based Question 29/Jan/25 Evening shift

Given below are two statements :
Statement I : Wet cotton clothes made of cellulose based carbohydrate takes comparatively longer time to get dried than wet nylon polymer based clothes.
Statement II : Intermolecular hydrogen bonding with water molecule is more in nylon-based clothes than in the case of cotton clothes.
In the light of above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below

[JEE Main 2025, 3 Apr (Shift 2)]

Which of the following linear combination of atomic orbitals will lead to formation of molecular orbitals in homonuclear diatomic molecules [z-internuclear axis] ?

A. \(2{p}_{z}\) and \(2{p}_{x}\)

B. 2s and \(2{p}_{x}\)

C. \(3{d}_{xy}\) and \(3{d}_{{x}^{2}-{y}^{2}}\)

D. 2s and \(2{p}_{z}\)

E. \(2{p}_{z}\) and \(3{d}_{{x}^{2}-{y}^{2}}\)

[JEE Main 2025, 24 Jan (Shift 1)]

Given below are two statements :
Statement (I): Experimentally determined oxygen-oxygen bond lengths in the \({O}_{3}\) are found to be same and the bond length is greater than that of a O = O (double bond) but less than that of a single (O − O) bond.
Statement (II) : The strong lone pair-lone pair repulsion between oxygen atoms is solely responsible for the fact that the bond length in ozone is smaller than that of a double bond (O = O) but more than that of a single bond (O − O).
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

[JEE Main 2025, 24 Jan (Shift 2)]

Given below are two statements :
Statement (I): Experimentally determined oxygen-oxygen bond lengths in the \({O}_{3}\) are found to be same and the bond length is greater than that of a O = O (double bond) but less than that of a single (O − O) bond.
Statement (II) : The strong lone pair-lone pair repulsion between oxygen atoms is solely responsible for the fact that the bond length in ozone is smaller than that of a double bond (O = O) but more than that of a single bond (O − O).
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

[JEE Main 2025, 24 Jan (Shift 2)]

Number of molecules/species from the following having one unpaired electron is ______

\({O}_{2},{O}_{2}^{-},NO,C{N}^{-},{O}_{2}^{2-}\)

[JEE Main 2024, 4 Apr (Shift 1)]

Total number of sigma \((\sigma )\) ______ and \(pi(\pi )\) _______ bonds respectively present in hex-1-en-4-yne are

[JEE Main 2025, 29 Jan (Shift 2)]

Among \({\mathrm{SO}}_{2},{\mathrm{NF}}_{3},{\mathrm{NH}}_{3},{\mathrm{XeF}}_{2},{\mathrm{ClF}}_{3}\) and \({\mathrm{SF}}_{4}\), the hybridization of the molecule with non-zero dipole moment and highest number of lone-pairs of electrons on the central atom is

[JEE Main 2025, 2 Apr (Shift 1)]

The hybridisation scheme for the central atom includes a d-orbital contribution in

The molecules having square pyramidal geometry are

[JEE Main 2025, 28 Jan (Shift 1)]

A diatomic molecule has a dipole moment of 1.2 D . If the bond distance is 1 Å, then fractional charge present on each atom is____ ×10^–11 esu.
(Given 1 D = 10^–18 esu cm)

[JEE Main 2024, 31 Jan (Shift 2)]

The molecules having square pyramidal geometry are

[JEE Main 2025, 28 Jan (Shift 1)]

The number of species having a square planar shape from the following is

\({\mathrm{XeF}}_{4},{\mathrm{SF}}_{4},{\mathrm{SiF}}_{4},{\mathrm{BF}}_{4}^{-},{\left[\mathrm{Cu}{\left({\mathrm{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2+},{\left[{\mathrm{FeCl}}_{4}\right]}^{2-},{\left[{\mathrm{PtCl}}_{4}\right]}^{2-}\)

[JEE Main 2023, 6 Apr (Shift 2)]

The correct statement/s about Hydrogen bonding is/are
A. Hydrogen bonding exists when \(\mathrm{H}\) is covalently bonded to the highly electronegative atom.
B. Intermolecular H bonding is present in o-nitro phenol
C. Intramolecular H bonding is present in \(\mathrm{HF}\)
D. The magnitude of H bonding depends on the physical state of the compound.
E. H-bonding has powerful effect on the structure and properties of compounds

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

[JEE Main 2024, 4 Apr (Shift 2)]

The correct statement/s about Hydrogen bonding is/are
A. Hydrogen bonding exists when \(\mathrm{H}\) is covalently bonded to the highly electronegative atom.
B. Intermolecular H bonding is present in o-nitro phenol
C. Intramolecular H bonding is present in \(\mathrm{HF}\)
D. The magnitude of H bonding depends on the physical state of the compound.
E. H-bonding has powerful effect on the structure and properties of compounds

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

[JEE Main 2024, 4 Apr (Shift 2)]

Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their dipole moment : \(\mathrm{HBr},{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{S},{\mathrm{NF}}_{3}\mathrm{and}{\mathrm{CHCl}}_{3}\)

[JEE Main 2025, 22 Jan (Shift 2)]

The number of molecules/ion/s having trigonal bipyramidal shape is ___________

\(PF _5, BrF _5, PCl _5,\left[ PtCl _4\right]^{2-}, BF _3, Fe ( CO )_5\)

[JEE Main 2024, 1 Feb (Shift 1)]

Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their dipole moment : \(\mathrm{HBr},{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{S},{\mathrm{NF}}_{3}\mathrm{and}{\mathrm{CHCl}}_{3}\)

Which of the following molecules(s) show/s paramagnetic behaviour?
(A) \({\mathrm{O}}_{2}\)
(B) \({\mathrm{N}}_{2}\)
(C) \({\mathrm{F}}_{2}\)
(D) \({\mathrm{S}}_{2}\)
(E) \({\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}\)
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Number of molecules from the following which are exceptions to octet rule is.................
\(CO _2, NO _2, H _2 SO _4, BF _3, CH _4, SiF _4, ClO _2, PCl _5, BeF _2, C _2 H _6, CHCl _3, CBr _4\)

[JEE Main 2024, 8 Apr (Shift 1)]

The correct increasing order for bond angles among \(B{F}_{3},P{F}_{3}\) and \(Cl{F}_{3}\) is :

[JEE Main 2024, 9 Apr (Shift 2)]

Given below are two statements:

Statement-I: Oxygen-oxygen bond length in ozone is greater than dioxygen

Statement-II: \(\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{O}\) bond order in ozone is 1.5 and \(\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{O}\) bond order in dioxygen is 2.0

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Number of compounds with one lone pair of electrons on central atom amongst following is........

\(\mathrm{O}_{3}, \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}, \mathrm{SF}_{4}, \mathrm{ClF}_{3}, \mathrm{NH}_{3}, \mathrm{BrF}_{5}, \mathrm{XeF}_{4}\)

[JEE Main 2024, 29 Jan (Shift 1)]

The number of non-polar molecules from the following is _____

\(\mathrm{HF}, \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}, \mathrm{SO}_{2}, \mathrm{H}_{2}, \mathrm{CO}_{2}, \mathrm{CH}_{4}, \mathrm{NH}_{3}, \mathrm{HCl}, \mathrm{CHCl}_{3}, \mathrm{BF}_{3}\)

[JEE Main 2024, 27 Jan (Shift 2)]

The linear combination of atomic orbitals to form molecular orbitals
takes place only when the combining atomic orbitals

A. have the same energy
B. have the minimum overlap
C. have same symmetry about the molecular axis
D. have different symmetry about the molecular axis

Choose the most appropriate from the options given below:

Number of compounds / species from the following with non-zero dipole moment is _____
\({\mathrm{BeCl}}_{2},{\mathrm{BCl}}_{3},{\mathrm{NF}}_{3},{\mathrm{XeF}}_{4},{\mathrm{CCl}}_{4},{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O},{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{S},\mathrm{HBr},{\mathrm{CO}}_{2},{\mathrm{H}}_{2},\mathrm{HCl}\)

[JEE Main 2024, 4 Apr (Shift 2)]

Which among the following molecules is (a) involved in \({\mathrm{sp}}^{3}\mathrm{d}\) hybridization, (b) has different bond lengths and (c) has lone pair of electrons on the central atom?

[JEE Main 2025, 2 Apr (Shift 2)]

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct option

LIST - I LIST - II

(A) \(ICl\) (I) T - shape
(B) \(IC{l}_{3}\) (II) Square pyramidal
(C)\(Cl{F}_{5}\) (III) Pentagonal bipyramidal
(D) \(I{F}_{7}\) (IV) Linear

[JEE Main 2024, 5 Apr (Shift 2)]

According to molecular orbital theory, the number of unpaired electron(s) in \( \mathrm{O}_{2}^{2-} \) is..............

[JEE Main 2021, 31 Aug (Shift 2)]

Which among the following molecules is (a) involved in \({\mathrm{sp}}^{3}\mathrm{d}\) hybridization, (b) has different bond lengths and (c) has lone pair of electrons on the central atom?

[JEE Main 2025, 2 Apr (Shift 2)]

Number of compounds with one lone pair of electrons on central atom amongst following is:

\(\mathrm{O_3}\), \(\mathrm{H_2O}\), \(\mathrm{SF_4}\), \(\mathrm{ClF_3}\), \(\mathrm{NH_3}\), \(\mathrm{BrF_5}\), \(\mathrm{XeF_4}\)

Which of the following is least ionic?

[JEE Main 2024, 31 Jan (Shift 2)]

In which one of the following pairs the central atoms exhibit \({\mathrm{sp}}^{2}\) hybridization ?

[JEE Main 2024, 09 Apr (Shift 1)]

In which one of the following pairs the central atoms exhibit \({\mathrm{sp}}^{2}\) hybridization ?

[JEE Main 2024, 09 Apr (Shift 1)]

The bond order and the magnetic characteristics of \(CN ^{-}\)are

[JEE Main 2020, 7 Jan (Shift 2)]

Which of the following does not contain any coordinate bond?

Arrange the following bonds according to their average bond energies in descending order:

\( \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{Cl}, \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{Br}, \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{F}, \mathrm{C}-I \)

[JEE Main 2020, 8 Jan (Shift 2)]

Of the species, \( \mathrm{NO}, \mathrm{NO}^{+}, \mathrm{NO}^{2+} \) and \( \mathrm{NO}^{-} \), the one with minimum bond strength is

[JEE Main 2020, 3 Sep (Shift 1)]

Amongst the following, the linear species is: [JEE Main 2021, 17 Mar (Shift 2)]

Identify the wrongly matched pair.

\(\begin{matrix} & \text{ Molecule } & \text{ Shape or geometry } \\ & & \mathrm{of}\mathrm{molecule} \\ \text{ a. } & {\mathrm{SF}}_{6} & \text{ Octahedral } \\ \text{ b. } & {\mathrm{BeCl}}_{2} & \text{ Linear } \\ \text{ c. } & {\mathrm{NH}}_{3} & \text{ Trigonal pyramidal } \\ \text{ d. } & {\mathrm{PCl}}_{5} & \text{ Trigonal planar }\end{matrix}\)

[Re-NEET 2020]

Which of the following set contains species having same angle around
the central atom?

Which one of the following molecules will form a linear polymeric
structure due to hydrogen bonding?

Amongst the following, the total number of species NOT having eight electrons around central atom in its outermost shell, is
\({\mathrm{NH}}_{3},{\mathrm{AlCl}}_{3},{\mathrm{BeCl}}_{2},{\mathrm{CCl}}_{4},{\mathrm{PCl}}_{5}\)

Order of Covalent bond;
(A) \(KF > KI ; LiF > KF\)
(B) \(KF < KI\); \(LiF > KF\)
(C) \(SnCl _4> SnCl _2 ; CuCl > NaCl\)
(D) \(LiF > KF ; CuCl < NaCl\)
(E) \(KF < KI ; CuCl > NaCl\)

[JEE Main 2023, 24 Jan (Shift 1)]

The number of molecules from the following which contain only two lone pair of electrons is______
\[ H _2 O , N _2, CO , XeF _4, NH _3, NO , CO _2, F _2\]

[JEE Main 2023, 10 Apr (Shift 2)]

In the following the correct bond order sequence is:

[JEE Main 2021, 25 Jul (Shift 2)]

According to \(MO\) theory the bond orders for \(O _2{ }^{2-}, CO\) and \(NO ^{+}\)respectively, are [JEE Main 2023, 29 Jan (Shift 2)]

Consider the following statements:
(A) \(\mathrm{NF}_3\) molecule has a trigonal planar structure.
(B) Bond length of \(\mathrm{N}_2\) is shorter than \(\mathrm{O}_2\).
(C) Isoelectronic molecules or ions have identical bond order.
(D) Dipole moment of \(\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{S}\) is higher than that of water molecule.
Choose the correct answer from the option below:

Which of the following pairs is an example of polar molecular solids?

[JEE Main 2023, 11 Apr (Shift 2)]

Select the correct statement

The difference between bond orders of CO and \({\mathrm{NO}}^{⊕}\)is \(\frac{\mathrm{X}}{2},\) then what is X?
(Round off to the nearest integer)

The bond order and magnetic property of acetylide ion are same as that of [JEE Main 2023, 12 Apr (Shift 1)]

Of the species, \(\mathrm{NO}\), \(\mathrm{NO^+}\), \(\mathrm{NO_2^+}\) and \(\mathrm{NO^-}\), the one with minimum bond strength is

Chlorine reacts with hot and concentrated \( \mathrm{NaOH} \) and produces compounds \( (\mathrm{X}) \) and \( (\mathrm{Y}) \). Compound (X) gives white precipitate with silver nitrate solution. The average bond order between \( \mathrm{Cl} \) and \( \mathrm{O} \) atoms in ( \( \mathrm{Y} \) ) is (nearest Integer)..........................

JEE Main 2020, 7 Jan (Shift 1)

The number of bent-shaped molecule from the following is

\(N _3^{-}, NO _2^{-}, I _3^{-}, O _3, SO _2\)

[JEE Main 2023, 10 Apr (Shift 1)]

Identify the species having one \(\pi\)-bond and maximum number of canonical forms from the following:

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R:

Assertion A: The \( \mathrm{H}-\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{H} \) bond angle in water molecule is \( 104.5^{\circ} \).

Reason R: The lone pair - lone pair repulsion of electrons is higher than the bond pair - bond pair repulsion.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Amongst the following, the number of species having the linear shape is \(\mathrm{XeF}_2, \mathrm{I}_3^{+}, \mathrm{C}_3 \mathrm{O}_2, \mathrm{I}_3^{-}, \mathrm{CO}_2, \mathrm{SO}_2, \mathrm{BeCl}_2\) and \(\mathrm{BCl}_2^{-}\)

Given below are two statements.

Statement-I: Dipole moment is a vector quantity and by convention it is depicted by a small arrow with tail on the negative centre and head pointing towards the positive centre.

Statement-II: The crossed arrow of the dipole moment symbolizes the direction of the shift of charges in the molecules.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

[JEE Main 2023, 25 Jan (Shift 2)]

\(AX\) is a covalent diatomic molecule where \(A\) and \(X\) are second row elements of periodic table. Based on molecular orbital theory, the bond order of AX is 2.5 . The total number of electrons in AX is .......... .(Round off to the nearest integer).

[JEE Main 2021, 18 Mar (Shift 1)]

The total number of electrons in all bonding molecular orbitals of \(O _2^{2-}\) is ......... . (Round off to the Nearest Integer)

[JEE Main 2021, 27 Jul (Shift 2)]

Match List -I with List – II.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Match List-I with List-II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

The number of species below that have two lone pairs of electrons on their central atom is ........... (Round off to the nearest integer).
\(SF _4, BF _4^{-}, ClF _3, AsF _3, PCl _5, BrF _5, XeF _4, SF _6\)

[JEE Main 2021, 18 Mar (Shift 2)]

\(O - O\) bond length in \(H _2 O _2\) is \(\underline{ X }\) than the \(O - O\) bond length in \(F _2 O _2\). The \(O - H\) bond length in \(H _2 O _2\) is \(\underline{Y}\) than that of the \(O - F\) bond in \(F _2 O _2\). Choose the correct option for \(\underline{X}\) and \(\underline{Y}\) from the given below.

[JEE Main 2023, 1 Feb (Shift 2)]

The number of following factors which affect the percent covalent character of the ionic bond is

(A) Polarising power of cation
(B) Extent of distortion of anion
(C) Polarisability of the anion
(D) Polarising power of anion

[JEE Main 2023, 8 Apr (Shift 1)]

The sum of number of lone pairs of electrons present on the central atoms of \(XeO _3, XeOF _4\), and \(XeF _6\), is_______

[JEE Main 2022, 25 Jul (Shift 2)]