Correct Answer: (C) customer-oriented

Explanation of the Correct Option:

The Marketing Concept is a business philosophy that focuses on identifying the needs and wants of customers and satisfying them better than competitors. In this concept, the customer becomes the centre of all business activities. Companies first study what customers want and then produce goods and services according to their needs. Customer satisfaction is considered the key to earning profit and achieving long-term success. Therefore, the Marketing Concept is called customer-oriented.

Explanation of the Wrong Options:

(A) production-oriented
This option is related to the Production Concept. Under this concept, businesses mainly focus on producing goods in large quantities at low cost. The assumption is that customers prefer products that are easily available and affordable. Customer needs are not the main focus here.

(B) sales-oriented
This option is related to the Selling Concept. In this concept, firms focus on increasing sales through aggressive advertising, promotion, and personal selling. The aim is to persuade customers to buy products, whether they actually need them or not.

(D) all of these
This option is incorrect because the Marketing Concept specifically focuses on customer satisfaction. It is different from production-oriented and sales-oriented approaches. Therefore, all of these cannot be correct together.

Conclusion:

Hence, the Marketing Concept is based on understanding and satisfying customer needs. It is therefore known as a customer-oriented concept. So, Option (C) is the correct answer.

Marketing concept is

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