BoardPhysics

Nuclei

25 Board Physics previous year questions on Nuclei — options free on every question; 2 include the answer & explanation free, the rest unlock with PYQ Pass.

Q1 FREE PREVIEW
PYQ

Which of following reaction is correct ? (Where symbols have their usual meanings)

(Shift - I Memory Based)

a

\(n\to p+{e}^{−}+\nu\)

b

\(n\to p+{e}^{+}+\nu\)

c

\(n\to p+{e}^{+}+\nu\)

d

\(n\to p+{e}^{−}+\nu\)

✓ Correct answer: d)

\(n\to p+{e}^{−}+\nu\)

Explanation

It is the equation of neutron (n) decays into a proton (p), in which an electron (e⁻) is emitted, and an antineutrino is emitted to conserve lepton number.

Q2 FREE PREVIEW
PYQ

Energy released when two deuterons \(({{}_{1}H}^{2})\) fuse to form a helium nucleus \(({{}_{2}He}^{4})\) is :
(Given : Binding energy per nucleon of \({{}_{1}H}^{2}=1.1MeV\) and binding energy per nucleon of \({{}_{2}He}^{4}=7.0MeV\) )

a

\(8.1MeV\)

b

\(5.9MeV\)

c

\(23.6MeV\)

d

\(26.8MeV\)

✓ Correct answer: c)

\(23.6MeV\)

Explanation


Binding energy per nucleon of deuteron \( \left(^2_1\text{H}\right) = 1.1\, \text{MeV} \)
Binding energy per nucleon of helium-4 \( \left(^4_2\text{He}\right) = 7.0\, \text{MeV} \)

Two deuterons \( \Rightarrow \) total nucleons = 2 × 2 = 4

\[\text{BE}_{\text{reactants}} = 2 \times (1.1 \times 2) = 4.4\, \text{MeV}\]

\[\text{BE}_{\text{product}} = 4 \times 7.0 = 28.0\, \text{MeV}\]

\[Q = \text{BE}_{\text{product}} - \text{BE}_{\text{reactants}} = 28.0 - 4.4 = \boxed{23.6\, \text{MeV}}\]

Q3
PYQ

The difference in mass of \({ }^7 \mathrm{X}\) nucleus and total mass of its constituent nucleons is \(21.00 \mathrm{u}\). The binding energy per nucleon for this nucleus is equal to the energy equivalent of :

a

\(3 \mathrm{u}\)

b

\(3.5 \mathrm{u}\)

c

\(7 \mathrm{u}\)

d

\(21 \mathrm{u}\)

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Q4
PYQ

Isotones are nuclides having :

a

same number of neutrons but different number of protons

b

same number of protons but different number of neutrons

c

same number of protons and also same number of neutrons

d

different number of protons and also different number of neutrons

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Q5
PYQ

The potential energy between two nucleons inside a nucleus is minimum at a distance of about

a

0.8 fm

b

1.6 fm

c

2.0 fm

d

2.8 fm

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Q6
PYQ

Isotones are nuclides having :

a

same number of neutrons but different number of protons

b

same number of protons but different number of neutrons

c

same number of protons and also same number of neutrons

d

different number of protons and also different number of neutrons

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Q7
PYQ

A radioactive nucleus \(\mathrm{n}_2\) has 3 times the decay constant as compared to the decay constant of another radioactive nucleus \(n_1\). If initial number of both nuclei are the same, what is the ratio of number of nuclei of \(n_2\) to the number of nuclei of \(n_1\), after one half-life of \(n_1\) ?

[JEE Main 2025, 23 Jan (Shift 1)]

a

8

b

4

c

\(1/8\)

d

\(1/4\)

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Q8
PYQ

Isotones are nuclides having :

a

same number of neutrons but different number of protons

b

same number of protons but different number of neutrons

c

same number of protons and also same number of neutrons

d

different number of protons and also different number of neutrons

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Q9
PYQ

Which of the following statements is not true for nuclear forces?

a

They are stronger than Coulomb forces.

b

They have about the same magnitude for different pairs of nucleons.

c

They are always attractive.

d

They saturate as the separation between two nucleons increases.

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Q10
PYQ

The potential energy between two nucleons inside a nucleus is minimum at a distance of about

a

0.8 fm

b

1.6 fm

c

2.0 fm

d

2.8 fm

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Q11
PYQ

The energy equivalent of 1 g of substance is :

a

\(11.2\times {10}^{24}MeV\)

b

\(5.6\times {10}^{26}MeV\)

c

\(5.6\times {10}^{12}MeV\)

d

5.6 eV

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Q12
PYQ

The energy equivalent of 1 g of substance is :

a

\(11.2\times {10}^{24}MeV\)

b

\(5.6\times {10}^{26}MeV\)

c

\(5.6\times {10}^{12}MeV\)

d

5.6 eV

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Q13
PYQ

Choose the correct nuclear process from the below options
[p: proton, n : neutron, \({e}^{-}:\)electron, \({e}^{+}:\) positron, \(\nu\) : neutrino, \(\nu\): antineutrino]

a

\(n\to p+{e}^{-}+\nu\)

b

\(n\to p+{e}^{-}+\nu\)

c

\(n\to p+{e}^{+}+\nu\)

d

\(n\to p+{e}^{+}+v\)

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Q14
PYQ

Isotones are nuclides having :

a

same number of neutrons but different number of protons

b

same number of protons but different number of neutrons

c

same number of protons and also same number of neutrons

d

different number of protons and also different number of neutrons

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Q15
PYQ

The potential energy between two nucleons inside a nucleus is minimum at a distance of about

a

0.8 fm

b

1.6 fm

c

2.0 fm

d

2.8 fm

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Q16
PYQ

The ratio of the nuclear densities of two nuclei having mass numbers 64 and 125 is

a

\(\frac{64}{125}\)

b

\(\frac{4}{5}\)

c

\(\frac{5}{4}\)

d

1

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Q17
PYQ

The energy equivalent of \( 0.5 \mathrm{~g} \) of a substance is:

a

\( 4.5 \times 10^{13} \mathrm{~J} \)

b

\( 1.5 \times 10^{13} \mathrm{~J} \)

c

\( 0.5 \times 10^{13} \mathrm{~J} \)

d

\( 4.5 \times 10^{16} \mathrm{~J} \)

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Q18
PYQ

Assertion (A) and Reason (R) type questions. Two statements are given — one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R).
Select the correct answer from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D)as given below.

Assertion (A) : Nuclear fission reactions are responsible for energy generation in the Sun.

Reason (R) : Light nuclei fuse together in the nuclear fission reactions.

a

Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).

b

Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).

c

Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.

d

Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are false.

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Q19
PYQ

The mass density of a nucleus of mass number \(A\) is :

a

proportional to \(A ^{1 / 3}\)

b

proportional to \(A ^{2 / 3}\)

c

proportional to \(A ^3\)

d

independent of A

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Q20
PYQ

Assertion (A): The nucleus \({ }_3^7 X\) is more stable than the nucleus \({ }_3^4 Y\).
Reason (R): \(\quad{ }_3^7 X\) contains more number of protons.

a

Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).

b

Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).

c

Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.

d

Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is also false.

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Q21
PYQ

The half life of a radioactive nuclide is 100 hours . The fraction of original activity that will remain after 150 hours would be:

a

\(\frac{1}{2}\)

b

\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\)

c

\(\frac{2}{3}\)

d

\(\frac{2}{3\sqrt{2}}\)

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Q22
PYQ

For a nucleus of mass number A and radius R, the mass density of nucleus can be represented as

a

\({\mathrm{A}}^{3}\)

b

\({A}^{\frac{1}{3}}\)

c

\({A}^{\frac{2}{3}}\)

d

Independent of A

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Q23
PYQ

The curve of binding energy per nucleon as a function of atomic mass number has a sharp peak for helium nucleus. This implies that helium nucleus is

a

radioactive

b

unstable

c

easily fissionable

d

more stable nucleus than its neighbours

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Q24
PYQ

The half life of a radioactive substance is 20 minutes. In how much time, the activity of substance drops to \({\left(\frac{1}{16}\right)}^{\mathrm{th}}\) of its initial value?

a

40 minutes

b

60 minutes

c

80 minutes

d

20 minutes

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Q25
PYQ

Binding energy of a certain nucleus is 18 × 108 J. How much is the difference between total mass of all the nucleons and nuclear mass of the given nucleus;

a

0.2 \(\mathrm{μg}\)

b

20 \(\mathrm{μg}\)

c

2 \(\mathrm{μg}\)

d

10 \(\mathrm{μg}\)

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