Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Statement-I is true because as the number of carbon atoms increases, molecular weight and van der Waals forces increase, leading to higher boiling points in alcohols and phenols.

Statement-II is also true since alcohols and phenols form strong hydrogen bonds, making their boiling points higher than ethers and haloalkanes, which only have weaker dipole-dipole or van der Waals interactions. Hence, both statements are correct.

Acidic strength:

$$\text{p-Nitrophenol} \;>\; \text{o-Nitrophenol} \;>\; \text{m-Nitrophenol}$$p-Nitrophenol>o-Nitrophenol>m-Nitrophenol

Lucas test:
Ethanol gives Lucas test after a long time.

Conclusion:

• Statement (I): Correct

• Statement (II): Incorrect

• Alcohols react both as nucleophiles and electrophiles.
• Alcohols react with active metals such as sodium, potassium and aluminum to yield corresponding alkoxides and liberate hydrogen.

The reaction of acid with aqueous sodium bicarbonate is known as an acid-base reaction, Stronger the acid , the higher will be the rate of reaction.

The electron-withdrawing group increases the acidic strength and the electron-donating group decreases the acidic strength.

Picric acid (2,4,6-Trinitrophenol ) is the strongest acid among all due to the presence of strong EWG (-${\mathrm{NO}}_2$).

o-toluic acid is stronger than benzoic acid due to the ortho effect. Hence, the order will be Picric acid >o-Toluic> Benzoic acid

1. With PCl₃, alcohols form alkyl chlorides and the by‐product H₃PO₃ (phosphorous acid).

2. With PCl₅, alcohols give alkyl chlorides, HCl, and the by‐product POCl₃ (phosphoryl chloride).
   Hence, A is H₃PO₃ and B is POCl₃.

The ether that reacts with HBr to form phenol must have a phenyl (-Ph) group directly attached to oxygen, making cleavage difficult via SN1 or SN2 .

Option C (Ph-O-C(CH₃)₃) forms phenol due to cleavage at the C-O bond.

The reaction of acid with aqueous sodium bicarbonate is known as an acid-base reaction, Stronger the acid , the higher will be the rate of reaction.

The electron-withdrawing group increases the acidic strength and the electron-donating group decreases the acidic strength.

Picric acid (2,4,6-Trinitrophenol ) is the strongest acid among all due to the presence of strong EWG (-${\mathrm{NO}}_2$).

o-toluic acid is stronger than benzoic acid due to the ortho effect. Hence, the order will be Picric acid >o-Toluic> Benzoic acid

The reaction of alcohol with Lucas reagent is mostly an $S{N}^1$ mechanism reaction and the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the carbocation stability formed in the reaction, hence tertiary alcohol will react fastest.