Principles of Management

Correct Answer: (A) 1913

Explanation of the correct option:
The question asks to identify the period when the concept of Scientific Management was introduced. Scientific Management is a theory developed by F.W. Taylor, which focuses on improving efficiency and productivity through scientific methods of work analysis.

Taylor began his experiments in the 1880s and 1890s. He first presented his ideas in his paper “Shop Management” in 1903, and later published his famous book “The Principles of Scientific Management” in 1911, which popularized the concept worldwide.

By 1913, Scientific Management had gained wide recognition and was being actively discussed and implemented in industries, marking the strong introduction and spread of this management movement.

Explanation of incorrect options:
(B) 1832 — This is incorrect because Scientific Management was developed in the late 19th and early 20th century, not in 1832.

(C) 1903 — This is incorrect because 1903 marks the presentation of Taylor’s ideas, not the widespread introduction of the theory.

(D) 1923 — This is incorrect because by this time Scientific Management was already established and not in its introduction phase.

Conclusion:
Thus, Scientific Management was introduced and widely recognized in the early 20th century, and among the given options, 1913 best represents its introduction phase, making option (A) correct.

The correct answer is:

(C) Standardisation of work

Frederick Winslow Taylor introduced the technique of Standardisation to ensure that tools, equipment, methods, and processes are uniform. The aim was to reduce a given product or line of products to fixed types, sizes, and characteristics to improve efficiency, reduce waste, and ensure quality.